4D printing holds the important potential for various applications in military, robotics, and healthcare. Among the numerous 4D printed materials, the thermally induced shape memory polymer has been the most used one, which is traditional driven by thermal environments like hot water bath or hot stage. In such way, the whole structure deforms at the same time to transform the shape. However, the environment independent local deformation is required for many applications. In this work, the silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) were employed combining with polylactic acid (PLA) to create a novel electrically driven 4D printing composite. Ag-NWs networks ensured the excellent electric conductivity after repeated tensile and bending deformations. As a result, Ag-NWs could be the excellent “heater” to stimulate the local deformation of PLA under an applied voltage. The theoretical constitutive equations were given, which allowed quantitatively design the structure for desired deformation and property. A biomimetic flower with five petals were demonstrated, that each petal could be controlled independently. An application of the 4D printed structure as a gripper grabbing the cargo in the cold icy environment was realized. Our study has great significance for the future application of shape memory composite materials for multi-functionality in different environments.

4D打印在军事，机器人技术和医疗保健的各种应用中具有重要的潜力。在众多的4D打印材料中，热诱导形状记忆聚合物是最常用的一种，这是传统上由诸如热水浴或热台等热环境驱动的。这样，整个结构会同时变形以变形形状。但是，许多应用需要不依赖于环境的局部变形。在这项工作中，银纳米线（Ag-NWs）与聚乳酸（PLA）结合使用，创建了一种新型的电驱动4D打印复合材料。Ag-NWs网络在反复拉伸和弯曲变形后确保了优异的导电性。因此，Ag-NWs可能是在施加电压下刺激PLA局部变形的出色“加热器”。给出了理论上的本构方程，可以定量设计结构以获得所需的变形和特性。演示了具有五个花瓣的仿生花，每个花瓣可以独立控制。实现了将4D打印结构用作在冰冷的环境中抓取货物的抓具的应用。我们的研究对于形状记忆复合材料在不同环境中的多功能性的未来应用具有重要意义。实现了将4D打印结构作为抓手在寒冷冰冷的环境中抓取货物的应用。我们的研究对于形状记忆复合材料在不同环境中的多功能性的未来应用具有重要意义。实现了将4D打印结构作为抓手在寒冷冰冷的环境中抓取货物的应用。我们的研究对于形状记忆复合材料在不同环境中的多功能性的未来应用具有重要意义。