Amethod of calculating pressure losses during pneumatic transport with the objective of choosing the most efficient operating mode, which allows reducing the consumption of compressed air, is observed. It has been found that the generally used formulas for calculating pressure losses along the path, determined as the sum of the pressure losses for pure gas and material, do not explain why the initial pressure losses decrease with increasing air flow rate, and their further growth. The importance of considering changes of air density and air flow velocity along the length of the pipe, as well as the necessity of considering the blockage of part of the pipeline cross section with material in case of high concentrations, is shown. It is proposed to determine the pressure losses using the Bernoulli equation in integral form, for example, using the eight nodes Gauss method. The applicability of the method of calculating both straight and inclined sections of pipelines is established. The experimental results of researching and analyzing the proposed isothermal model in a vacuum pneumatic transport laboratory facility are given. An example of calculating the pressure losses for an industrial pneumatic transport system with a pipe length of 450 m and an inner diameter of 147 mm at various expendable concentrations of material is shown.

中文翻译：

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气动运输过程中的压力损失计算

观察到一种计算气动运输过程中压力损失的方法，目的是选择最有效的运行模式，该模式可以减少压缩空气的消耗。已经发现，用于计算沿路径的压力损失的常用公式（由纯气体和材料的压力损失之和确定）不能解释为什么初始压力损失会随着空气流量的增加而减小，并且会进一步增加。 。显示了考虑沿管道长度变化的空气密度和空气流速的重要性，以及在高浓度情况下必须考虑用材料堵塞部分管道横截面的必要性。建议使用积分形式的伯努利方程来确定压力损失，例如，使用八个节点的高斯方法。建立了计算管道直，斜截面的方法的适用性。给出了在真空气动运输实验室中研究和分析所提出的等温模型的实验结果。显示了一个计算示例，该示例计算了在各种消耗性物料浓度下，管长为450 m，内径为147 mm的工业气动输送系统的压力损失。