Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved lysosomal pathway for catabolism of intracellular material in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy is also an essential homeostatic process through which intracellular components are recycled for reuse or energy production. The extremely regulated autophagy process begins with the formation of hallmarked double membrane bound organelles called autophagosomes which in turn fuse with lysosomes called autolysosomes and finally degrade the autophagic cargos. The multistages molecular machinery of autophagy is critically orchestrated by the action of a set of the autophagy proteins (Atg) and a supreme regulator, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin). However, individual stages of autophagy are mechanistically complex and partially understood. In this review, the individual stages of autophagy are dissected, and the corresponding molecular regulation is discussed in view of current scientific knowledge of autophagy. This understanding of sequential events of autophagy machinery through this review may lead to great interest in the therapeutic potential for manipulating of autophagy in established diseases.

中文翻译：

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自噬机器中分子解剖的最新观点。

巨自噬（以下称为自噬）是用于真核细胞中细胞内物质分解代谢的高度保守的溶酶体途径。自噬也是必不可少的体内平衡过程，通过该过程细胞内的成分被循环利用，以进行再利用或产生能量。高度调节的自噬过程始于标记为双膜结合的细胞器的形成，该细胞器称为自噬体，然后与称为自溶体的溶酶体融合，最终降解自噬货物。自噬的多阶段分子机制是通过一组自噬蛋白（Atg）和最高调节剂mTOR（雷帕霉素的机械靶标）的作用来严格协调的。然而，自噬的各个阶段在机制上是复杂的并且被部分理解。在这篇评论中 剖析了自噬的各个阶段，并根据当前的自噬科学知识讨论了相应的分子调控。通过本综述对自噬机制的顺序事件的这种理解可能引起人们对在已确定疾病中操纵自噬的治疗潜力的极大兴趣。