The lack of routine and training of command units and emergency managers is among the main causes of suboptimal decisions and could lead to serious consequences. To ensure optimal standards of emergency management training, specific and valid evaluation tools are needed—but are lacking. Thus, the present study’s purpose is to validate instruments for the evaluation of tactical and strategic leader trainings, in particular command unit trainings, based on survey data of n = 288 German Command Unit members. Resulting questionnaires were named “FIRE-CU” (Feedback Instrument for Rescue forces Education – Command Unit) and “FIRE-CPX” (Feedback Instrument for Rescue forces Education – Command Post eXercise scale). Results of confirmatory factor analyses show a good fit for the postulated four-dimensional structure of process scales in the FIRE-CU (trainer’s behavior, structure, overextension, group), for the two-dimensional structure of outcome scales in the FIRE-CU (self-rated competence, transfer), and for the one-dimensional structure of the FIRE-CPX. Further, strong evidence is found for reliability as well as for convergent, divergent, and concurrent validity of both the FIRE-CU and FIRE-CPX. Implications for research and practical application are also discussed to enable broad applicability in various educational programs for public security and crisis management.

中文翻译：

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消防指挥部培训评估

指挥部和应急管理人员缺乏常规和培训是导致决策不佳的主要原因之一，并可能导致严重后果。为确保应急管理培训的最佳标准，需要（但缺乏）特定而有效的评估工具。因此，本研究的目的是基于n的调查数据，验证用于评估战术和战略领导者训练，特别是指挥部训练的工具。 = 288名德国指挥部成员。产生的问卷被命名为“ FIRE-CU”（营救力量教育反馈工具–指挥部）和“ FIRE-CPX”（营救力量教育反馈工具–指挥所运动量表）。验证性因素分析的结果表明，对于FIRE-CU中假设的过程量表的二维结构（培训者的行为，结构，过度伸展，分组），FIRE-CU中的结局量表的二维结构非常适合。 CU（自我-额定能力，转移），以及FIRE-CPX的一维结构。此外，发现了关于FIRE-CU和FIRE-CPX的可靠性以及收敛性，发散性和同时有效性的有力证据。还讨论了对研究和实际应用的意义，以使它们在各种教育计划中广泛适用于公共安全和危机管理。