Obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low‐grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue‐derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor‐α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity‐associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.

中文翻译：

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重塑脂肪组织炎性体用于2型糖尿病的治疗：当前观点和转化策略。

肥胖相关的2型糖尿病（T2DM）的特征在于低度的慢性全身性炎症，其主要源于白色脂肪组织。各种脂肪组织衍生的趋化因子之间的相互作用驱动T2DM中的胰岛素抵抗，因此已成为严格研究的主题。与葡萄糖稳态密切相关的脂肪细胞因子包括肿瘤坏死因子-α，各种白介素，单核细胞趋化蛋白-1，脂联素和瘦素等。在肥胖相关的T2DM中重塑脂肪组织的炎性体可能会治疗疾病的根本原因并带来显着的治疗益处。已经采取或正在研究各种策略来调节促炎和抗炎脂肪细胞因子的血清/组织水平，以改善T2DM中的葡萄糖稳态。这些包括使用小分子激动剂/抑制剂，模拟物，抗体，基因疗法和其他新型制剂。在这里，我们讨论与胰岛素活性密切相关的脂肪细胞因子和正在研究中调节其在T2DM治疗中水平的疗法。