Studies have shown reduced life expectancy following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with death from unintentional poisoning (UP) being 11 times higher following TBI than in the general population. The characteristics of those who die of unintentional poisoning are compared with the characteristics of those who die of other causes (OC) in a retrospective cohort who received inpatient rehabilitation following TBI and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database between 1989 and 2017 (n = 15,835 cases with 2,238 deaths recorded). Seventy-eight cases (3.5%) of deaths were the result of UP, 76% were the result of OC, and 20.5% were from an unknown cause. Among the UP deaths, 90% involved drugs (of these, 67% involved narcotic drugs and 14% involved psychostimulants), and 8% involved alcohol. Age-adjusted risk for UP death was associated with: white/non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, living alone, non-institutionalization, pre- and post-injury illicit drug use and alcohol/drug problem use, any alcohol use at last follow-up, better Functional Independence Measure^TM (FIM) scores, history of arrest, moderate disability (vs. severe disability or good recovery), less supervision needed, and greater anxiety. Adults who receive inpatient rehabilitation for TBI who die from UP are distinguishable from those who die of OC. Factors such as pre-injury substance use in the context of functional independence may be regarded as targets for prevention and/or intervention to reduce substance use and substance-related mortality among survivors of moderate-severe TBI. The current findings may have implications for medical care, surveillance, prevention, and health promotion.

中文翻译：

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中度至重度创伤性脑损伤患者住院康复后继发于意外中毒的死亡率。

研究表明，中重度创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后的预期寿命缩短，TBI 后意外中毒 (UP) 导致的死亡人数比一般人群高 11 倍。将 1989 年至 2017 年 TBI 模型系统国家数据库纳入 TBI 模型系统国家数据库的回顾性队列中，意外中毒死亡者的特征与其他原因（OC）死亡者的特征进行比较（n = 15,835 例，其中 2,238 人死亡）。78 例（3.5%）的死亡是 UP 的结果，76% 是 OC 的结果，20.5% 是不明原因的。在 UP 死亡中，90% 涉及毒品（其中，67% 涉及麻醉药品，14% 涉及精神兴奋剂），8% 涉及酒精。UP 死亡的年龄调整风险与：白人/非西班牙裔种族/族裔、独居、非收容、受伤前后非法药物使用和酒精/药物问题使用、最后一次随访的任何酒精使用有关 -向上，更好的功能独立性度量^TM(FIM) 分数、逮捕史、中度残疾（与严重残疾或恢复良好相比）、需要较少的监督和更大的焦虑。死于 UP 的 TBI 住院康复成人与死于 OC 的成人是有区别的。功能独立背景下的伤前物质使用等因素可被视为预防和/或干预的目标，以减少中重度 TBI 幸存者的物质使用和物质相关死亡率。目前的研究结果可能对医疗、监测、预防和健康促进产生影响。