Invasion of organisms into new ecosystems is increasingly common, due to the global trade in commodities. One of the most complex post-invasion scenarios occurs when an invasive species is related to a native pest, and even more so when they can hybridize and produce fertile progeny. The global pest Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil in 2013 and generated a wave of speculations about the possibility of hybridization with the native sister taxon Helicoverpa zea. In the present study, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms from field-collected individuals to estimate hybridization between H. armigera and H. zea in different Brazilian agricultural landscapes. The frequency of hybridization varied from 15 to 30% depending on the statistical analyses. These methods showed more congruence in estimating that hybrids contained approximately 10% mixed ancestry (i.e. introgression) from either species. Hybridization also varied considerably depending on the geographic locations where the sample was collected, forming a ‘mosaic’ hybrid zone where introgression may be facilitated by environmental and landscape variables. Both landscape composition and bioclimatic variables indicated that maize and soybean cropland are the main factors responsible for high levels of introgression in agricultural landscapes. The impact of multiple H. armigera incursions is reflected in the structured and inbred pattern of genetic diversity. Our data showed that the landscape composition and bioclimatic variables influence the introgression rate between H. armigera and H. zea in agricultural areas. Continuous monitoring of the hybridization process in the field is necessary, since agricultural expansion, climatic fluctuations, changing composition of crop species and varieties, and dynamic planting seasons are some factors in South America that could cause a sudden alteration in the introgression rate between Helicoverpa species. Introgression between invasive and native pests can dramatically impact the evolution of host ranges and resistance management.

中文翻译：

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棉铃虫和玉米H.zea之间的杂交和渗入：适应性桥梁。

由于商品的全球贸易，生物入侵新生态系统的情况越来越普遍。当入侵物种与本地害虫相关时，将是最复杂的入侵后情形之一，当入侵物种能够杂交并产生可育后代时，情况甚至更是如此。全球有害生物Helicoverpa armigera于2013年首次在巴西被发现，并引发了一波关于与本地姊妹分类单元Helicoverpa zea杂交的可能性的猜测。在本研究中，我们使用了来自田间采集个体的全基因组单核苷酸多态性来估计巴西不同农业景观中棉铃虫和玉米的杂交。杂交的频率从15％到30％不等，具体取决于统计分析。这些方法在估计杂种包含两种物种的大约10％混合祖先（即渗入）方面表现出更大的一致性。杂交也根据收集样品的地理位置而有很大不同，形成了“马赛克”杂交区，环境和景观变量可促进渗入。景观组成和生物气候变量均表明，玉米和大豆农田是农业景观高渗入的主要因素。多次棉铃虫入侵的影响反映在遗传多样性的结构化和近交模式中。我们的数据表明，景观成分和生物气候变量影响农业地区棉铃虫和玉米的渗水速率。由于农业扩张，气候波动，农作物品种和品种组成的变化以及动态种植季节是南美的一些因素，因此可能需要对该田间的杂交过程进行连续监测，这可能会导致Helicoverpa物种之间的渗入率突然改变。 。侵入性害虫和天然害虫之间的渗入会极大地影响寄主范围和抗性管理的演变。