OBJECTIVE To investigate whether conditions causing inflammatory activation are associated with increased risk of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. METHODS All newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients (cases) in Sweden between 2000-2016 were identified using pre-determined algorithms (n = 902) and matched with five controls from the general population and five individuals with an obesity diagnosis (n = 4510) for age, sex, region, and vital status. National health registers provided information on infections, inflammatory disorders and dispensed medications. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Compared to general population controls, the cases had fourfold increased odds of having an infection (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% confidence interval 3.3-5.6), and threefold increased odds of an inflammatory disorder the year prior to idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnosis (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval 2.4-4.3). Organ specific analyses showed that odds were increased for the study diseases in the respiratory organ, kidney organ and gastrointestinal tract, but not for female genital infections. Similar results were found when comparing idiopathic intracranial hypertension with obese controls though the odds ratios were of lower magnitude. Sub-analyses on exposure to anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory drugs confirmed the increased odds ratios for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that major inflammatory activation may be a risk factor in idiopathic intracranial hypertension development.

中文翻译：

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传染性和炎症性疾病可能会增加发生特发性颅内高压的风险——一项全国病例对照研究。

目的 调查引起炎症激活的疾病是否与特发性颅内高压风险增加有关。方法 2000-2016 年瑞典所有新诊断的特发性颅内高压患者（病例）均使用预先确定的算法（n = 902）进行识别，并与来自普通人群的 5 名对照和 5 名肥胖诊断个体（n = 4510）相匹配。年龄、性别、地区和生命状态。国家健康登记册提供了有关感染、炎症性疾病和配药的信息。条件逻辑回归用于估计优势比和 95% 置信区间。结果 与一般人群对照相比，这些病例感染的几率增加了四倍（几率比 = 4.3，95% 置信区间 3.3-5.6），在特发性颅内高压诊断前一年，炎症性疾病的几率增加了三倍（几率比 = 3.2，95% 置信区间 2.4-4.3）。器官特异性分析表明，呼吸器官、肾器官和胃肠道中的研究疾病的几率增加，但女性生殖器感染的几率没有增加。将特发性颅内高压与肥胖对照组进行比较时发现了类似的结果，尽管优势比较低。对抗感染和抗炎药物暴露的子分析证实了特发性颅内高压患者的比值比增加。结论 这些发现表明主要炎症激活可能是特发性颅内高压发展的危险因素。