Abstract We examined the ability of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville to regenerate, during pupation, a foreleg amputated in the fourth instar. Leg regeneration was complete for 80.7% of amputated H. convergens larvae, with 12.5% regenerating partially, and 6.8% showing no regeneration. Regeneration in C. maculata was 72.2% complete, 20.5% partial, and 7.2% none, but mortality following ablation was slightly higher than for H. convergens (7.4 vs. 0.6%). Ablation/regeneration caused a slight delay in pupation, but pupation time, fresh mass at emergence, and reproductive performance remained unaffected in either species. Reciprocal crosses were made between regenerated and unoperated beetles, and 12 progeny reared from the second clutch of each female in all treatments. Mating treatment affected eclosion time in H. convergens, whereas in C. maculata, larval development and pupation time were also affected. Considering all treatments, larval mortality was higher in H. convergens than in C. maculata, but lower when both H. convergens parents regenerated. Parental mating treatment did not affect adult weight in either species, but development of C. maculata progeny was faster when only the sire regenerated, and slower when the only the dame regenerated, whereas progeny of regenerated sires completed pupated faster than those sired by controls. We infer that genes activated during regeneration have pleiotropic effects with subtle, gender-specific, epigenetic consequences. If these pleiotropic effects are genetically linked to important traits, regenerative genetic elements could be conserved in coccinellids via natural selection acting on these traits, rather than on regenerative ability per se.

中文翻译：

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测量两种近海瓢虫（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）肢体再生的成本及其跨代后果

摘要 我们研究了 Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer 和 Hippodamia 融合 Guerin-Meneville 在化蛹期间再生四龄前肢截肢的能力。80.7% 截肢的 H. vergens 幼虫的腿再生完成，12.5% 部分再生，6.8% 显示没有再生。C. maculata 的再生为 72.2% 完全再生，20.5% 部分再生和 7.2% 无再生，但消融后的死亡率略高于 H.收敛（7.4 对 0.6%）。消融/再生导致化蛹略有延迟，但两个物种的化蛹时间、出现时的新鲜质量和繁殖性能均未受影响。在再生和未操作的甲虫之间进行互交，在所有处理中从每只雌性的第二窝饲养的 12 个后代。交配处理影响了 H. 收敛的羽化时间，而在 C. maculata 中，幼虫发育和化蛹时间也受到影响。考虑到所有处理，H. 收敛的幼虫死亡率高于 C. maculata，但当 H. 收敛的父母都再生时，幼虫死亡率较低。亲本交配处理不影响任何一个物种的成年体重，但当只有公牛再生时，C. maculata 后代的发育更快，当只有母猪再生时更慢，而再生公牛的后代比对照组的后代更快地完成化蛹。我们推断在再生过程中激活的基因具有多效性，具有微妙的、性别特异性的表观遗传后果。如果这些多效效应与重要的性状有遗传联系，