There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we introduce BioShifts—a global geo-database of 30,534 range shifts. Despite a spatial imbalance towards the most developed regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a taxonomic bias towards the most charismatic animals and plants of the planet, data show that marine species are better at tracking isotherm shifts, and move towards the pole six times faster than terrestrial species. More specifically, we find that marine species closely track shifting isotherms in warm and relatively undisturbed waters (for example, the Central Pacific Basin) or in cold waters subject to high human pressures (for example, the North Sea). On land, human activities impede the capacity of terrestrial species to track isotherm shifts in latitude, with some species shifting in the opposite direction to isotherms. Along elevational gradients, species follow the direction of isotherm shifts but at a pace that is much slower than expected, especially in areas with warm climates. Our results suggest that terrestrial species are lagging behind shifting isotherms more than marine species, which is probably related to the interplay between the wider thermal safety margin of terrestrial versus marine species and the more constrained physical environment for dispersal in terrestrial versus marine habitats.

越来越多的证据表明，随着气候变暖，物种会重新分布。但是，我们对物种范围变化和等温线变化之间的耦合的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们介绍BioShifts-一个包含30,534个范围转换的全球地理数据库。尽管北半球最发达地区存在空间失衡，并且地球上最具魅力的动植物存在分类学偏见，但数据显示，海洋物种更擅长追踪等温线变化，并且向极点移动的速度比陆地快六倍种类。更具体地说，我们发现海洋物种密切跟踪温暖和相对未受干扰的水域（例如，中太平洋盆地）或承受高压的寒冷水域（例如，北海）中不断变化的等温线。着陆，人类活动阻碍了陆地物种追踪等温线纬度变化的能力，其中一些物种的方向与等温线相反。沿着海拔梯度，物种遵循等温线变化的方向，但步伐比预期的要慢得多，尤其是在气候温暖的地区。我们的研究结果表明，陆生物种比海洋等温线滞后于等温线变化，这可能与陆地与海洋物种的更宽的热安全裕度以及在陆地与海洋生境中扩散的物理环境更加受限之间的相互作用有关。物种遵循等温线变化的方向，但步伐比预期的要慢得多，尤其是在气候温暖的地区。我们的结果表明，陆生物种比海洋等温线滞后于变化的等温线，这可能与陆地和海洋物种的更宽的热安全裕度以及在陆地和海洋栖息地中散布的物理环境更加受限之间的相互作用有关。物种遵循等温线变化的方向，但是步伐比预期的要慢得多，尤其是在气候温暖的地区。我们的结果表明，陆生物种比海洋等温线滞后于变化的等温线，这可能与陆地和海洋物种的更宽的热安全裕度以及在陆地和海洋栖息地中散布的物理环境更加受限之间的相互作用有关。