Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviors play a significant role in stunting. Knowledge and behaviors regarding WASH among caregivers are critical to providing children with chances to survive and thrive. The purpose of this study is to determine if exposure to a national communication campaign using media and interpersonal communication (IPC) is associated with WASH-related knowledge and behaviors among Indonesian mothers with children under the age of two. Methods: Data came from a cross-sectional survey of 1734 mothers with children under the age of two. The measures included exposure to two different interventions: media messages (media) and interpersonal communication strategies (IPC) and WASH-related knowledge and behavior. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between intervention exposure and study variables. Results: Exposure to both media and IPC interventions was associated with participants having a higher knowledge of appropriate defecation practices (p < 0.001), higher knowledge of proper handwashing practices (p < 0.001), and higher self-reported handwashing at critical times (p < 0.001) but was not associated with reported practicing of appropriate defecation (OR = 0.780, 95% CI: 0.566–1.101). Mothers exposed to only media interventions were more likely to have knowledge of appropriate defecation practices (p < 0.001) and to have reported practicing appropriate defecation behaviors (OR = 1.539, 95% CI: 1.173–2.019). Mothers exposed to only IPC interventions were more likely to have reported handwashing at critical times (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Exposure to both media and IPC interventions was associated with increased knowledge and optimal behaviors related to WASH. These findings demonstrate the value of communications campaigns that use mass media coupled with IPC to improve WASH knowledge and behavior.

中文翻译：

---

印度尼西亚的全国交流运动与印度尼西亚母亲与WASH相关的知识和行为得到了改善。

背景：水，环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）行为在发育迟缓中起重要作用。照顾者中有关WASH的知识和行为对于为儿童提供生存和成长的机会至关重要。这项研究的目的是确定在有两岁以下儿童的印度尼西亚母亲中，使用媒体和人际传播（IPC）进行的全国传播活动是否与WASH相关的知识和行为有关。方法：数据来自对1734名有两岁以下孩子的母亲的横断面调查。这些措施包括接触两种不同的干预措施：媒体信息（媒体）和人际传播策略（IPC）以及与WASH有关的知识和行为。多元逻辑回归用于检验干预暴露和研究变量之间的关联。结果：接触媒介和IPC干预与参与者对适当的排便习惯有较高的了解（p <0.001），对正确的洗手习惯有较高的了解（p <0.001）以及在关键时刻自我报告的洗手较高（p<0.001），但与报告的适当排便习惯无关（OR = 0.780，95％CI：0.566-1.011）。仅接受媒体干预的母亲更有可能了解适当的排便习惯（p <0.001），并有报道进行适当的排便行为（OR = 1.539，95％CI：1.173–2.019）。仅接受IPC干预的母亲更有可能在关键时刻洗手（p = 0.009）。结论：接触媒体和IPC干预都与增加与WASH相关的知识和最佳行为有关。这些发现证明了使用大众媒体和IPC来提高WASH知识和行为的传播活动的价值。