Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease. It is still not known which of the risk factors have the greatest impact on osteoporosis development. The study aimed to determine how the selected osteoporosis risk factors contribute to the development of the disease and to assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures in older women. Methods: A cohort of 99 older females was divided into two groups (with and without osteoporosis). The risk of osteoporosis was determined using assessment forms and bone densitometry data subjected to logistic regression. The risk of osteoporotic fractures was assessed by the FRAX tool (FRAX, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, UK). Results: The logistic regression analysis showed that the highest risk of developing osteoporosis associated with lifestyle, mainly cigarette smoking (odds ratio: OR = 2.12), past gynecological operations (OR = 1.46), corticosteroid therapies (OR = 1.38). More than half of participants were at a medium risk of femoral neck fractures (over 90% in the osteoporotic group). Conclusion: Most of the Polish women living in care facilities are at medium risk of low-energy fractures. Smoking appeared to have the strongest effect on osteoporosis among analyzed risk factors. The results may contribute to the creation of more appropriate prevention strategies.

中文翻译：

---

波兰老年妇女的骨质疏松症：危险因素和骨质疏松性骨折：跨部门研究。

背景：骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病。尚不清楚哪种危险因素对骨质疏松症的发展影响最大。该研究旨在确定所选的骨质疏松症危险因素如何导致疾病发展，并评估老年妇女骨质疏松性骨折的风险。方法：将一组99名老年女性分为两组（有和没有骨质疏松症）。使用评估表和经过Logistic回归的骨密度测定数据确定骨质疏松症的风险。骨质疏松性骨折的风险通过FRAX工具（英国谢菲尔德大学代谢骨病中心FRAX）进行了评估。结果：Logistic回归分析显示，与生活方式相关的发生骨质疏松症的风险最高，主要是吸烟（优势比：OR = 2.12），过去的妇科手术（OR = 1.46），皮质类固醇疗法（OR = 1.38）。一半以上的参与者处于股骨颈骨折的中等风险中（骨质疏松组超过90％）。结论：大多数居住在护理机构中的波兰妇女处于低能量骨折的中等风险。在分析的危险因素中，吸烟似乎对骨质疏松症的影响最大。结果可能有助于制定更适当的预防策略。