The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing college students’ self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning by gender using the health belief model (HBM). Utilizing a comparative descriptive design, a total of 819 college students were recruited. A survey was administered to gather information on health beliefs related to pregnancy planning, self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning, fertility knowledge, and general characteristics. The main variables were compared by gender. The factors influencing self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning were identified using hierarchical regression analysis. Female students (476) had lower self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning than male students (343). The significant factors influencing self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning in female students were: depression (β = −0.09, p = 0.030), fertility knowledge (β = 0.08, p = 0.025), barriers (β = −0.57, p < 0.001), and cues to action (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), whereas the corresponding factors in male students were benefits (β = 0.12, p = 0.020), barriers (β = −0.44, p < 0.001), and cues to action (β = 0.16, p = 0.001). The present study confirmed the suitability of the HBM as a conceptual framework for identifying factors influencing self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning. Based on the findings of this study, gender-based similarities and differences in factors influencing self-efficacy should be considered when taking steps to promote self-efficacy toward pregnancy planning among college students.

中文翻译：

---

韩国大学生怀孕计划自我效能影响因素的性别差异。

这项研究的目的是使用健康信念模型（HBM）来研究按性别分析影响大学生对怀孕计划自我效能的因素。利用比较描述性设计，总共招募了819名大学生。进行了一项调查，以收集有关与怀孕计划有关的健康观念，对怀孕计划的自我效能，生育知识和一般特征的信息。主要变量按性别进行了比较。使用分层回归分析确定了影响自我效能感的计划生育因素。女学生（476）的计划生育自我效能比男学生（343）低。影响女学生妊娠计划自我效能的重要因素是：抑郁（β= -0.09，p= 0.030），生育知识（β= 0.08，p = 0.025），障碍（β= -0.57，p < 0.001）和行动提示（β= 0.16，p < 0.001），而男性学生的相关因素是收益（β= 0.12，p = 0.020），障碍（β= -0.44，p < 0.001）和行动提示（β= 0.16，p = 0.001）。本研究证实了HBM作为确定影响妊娠计划自我效能的因素的概念框架的适用性。根据这项研究的发现，在采取措施促进大学生进行计划生育的自我效能感时，应考虑性别因素对自我效能感的影响。