The technical growth in the field of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has resulted in the process of collecting and forwarding the massive data between the nodes, which was a major challenge to the WSNs as it is associated with greater energy loss and delay. This resulted in the establishment of a routing protocol for the optimal selection of the multipath to progress the routing in WSNs. This paper proposes an energy‐efficient routing in WSNs using the hybrid optimization algorithm, cat–salp swarm algorithm (C‐SSA), which chooses the optimal hops in progressing the routing. Initially, the cluster heads (CHs) are selected using the low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol that minimizes the traffic in the network. The CHs are engaged in the multihop routing, and the selection of the optimal paths is based on the proposed hybrid optimization, which chooses the optimal hops based on the energy constraints, such as energy, delay, intercluster distance, intracluster distance, link lifetime, delay, and distance. The simulation results prove that the proposed routing protocol acquired minimal delay of 0.3165 with 50 nodes and two hops, maximal energy of 0.1521 with 50 nodes and three hops, maximal number of the alive nodes as 39 with 100 nodes and two hops, and average throughput of 0.9379 with 100 nodes and three hops.

中文翻译：

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使用混合优化算法的WSN中的节能多跳路由

无线传感器网络（WSN）领域的技术发展已导致在节点之间收集和转发海量数据的过程，这对WSN构成了重大挑战，因为它与更大的能量损耗和延迟相关。这导致建立用于多路径的最佳选择的路由协议，以进行WSN中的路由。本文提出了一种使用混合优化算法，cat-salp群体算法（C-SSA）的WSN节能路由，该算法在进行路由时选择最佳跃点。最初，使用低能耗自适应群集层次结构（LEACH）协议选择群集头（CH），该协议可最大程度地减少网络流量。CH参与多跳路由，最佳路径的选择基于所提出的混合优化，混合优化基于能量约束（例如能量，延迟，群集间距离，群集内距离，链路寿命，延迟和距离）选择最佳跃点。仿真结果表明，所提出的路由协议在50个节点和两跳的情况下获得0.3165的最小延迟，在50个节点和三跳的情况下获得的最大能量为0.1521，有100个节点和两跳的活动节点的最大数目为39。 0.9379，具有100个节点和3个跃点。