Satellite observational data and a regional ocean model are used to understand the evolution of Ningaloo Niño (NN) anomalies near Western Australian coast. In observation and high‐resolution (~3 km) simulations, coastally trapped positive sea level anomalies (SLAs), originated largely from the Indonesian Throughflow, are transmitted westward by mesoscale eddies. Few eddies propagate long distances offshore due to dissipation, and as a result NN signatures are predominantly confined near the coast. In coarse‐resolution (~100 km) simulations that cannot resolve eddies, oceanic anomalies propagate swiftly as long Rossby waves with much weaker dissipation and more anomalies spread to the ocean interior. Eddy‐enhanced surface warming promotes surface latent heat release and mesoscale air‐sea interactions, which acts to damp NN surface warming. These processes are not resolved by coarse‐resolution models. This study highlights the importance of resolving mesoscale oceanic processes in the simulation and prediction of NN.

中文翻译：

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中尺度涡旋在NingalooNiño模型仿真中的重要性

卫星观测数据和区域海洋模型用于了解西澳大利亚州海岸附近NingalooNiño（NN）异常的演变。在观测和高分辨率（〜3 km）模拟中，沿海捕获的正海平面异常（SLA）主要源自印尼通流，并通过中尺度涡旋向西传播。由于耗散，很少有涡流在远距离传播，因此，NN信号主要局限在海岸附近。在无法解析涡流的粗分辨率（〜100 km）模拟中，海洋长波迅速传播，耗散弱得多的长罗斯比波传播到海洋内部，且异常多。涡流增强的表面变暖促进了表面潜热释放和中尺度的海-气相互作用，从而抑制了NN表面变暖。粗分辨率模型无法解决这些过程。这项研究强调了解决中尺度海洋过程在NN的模拟和预测中的重要性。