Obesity is a common and complex health problem worldwide and can induce the development of Type 2 diabetes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complication occurring as a result of obesity and diabetic conditions that lead to an increased mortality rate. There are several mechanisms and pathways contributing to kidney injury in obese and diabetic conditions. The expansion of adipocytes triggers proinflammatory cytokines release into blood circulation and bind with the receptors at the cell membranes of renal tissues leading to kidney injury. Obesity‐mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the important causes and progression of CKD. Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a neuronal hormone that is synthesized by the pineal gland and plays an essential role in regulating several physiological functions in the human body. Moreover, melatonin has pleiotropic effects such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, antiapoptosis. In this review, the relationship between obesity, diabetic condition, and kidney injury and the renoprotective effect of melatonin in obese and diabetic conditions from in vitro and in vivo studies have been summarized and discussed.

中文翻译：

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褪黑激素对肥胖和糖尿病患者肾损伤的作用。

肥胖是世界范围内常见且复杂的健康问题，可诱发 2 型糖尿病的发展。慢性肾病 (CKD) 是一种由肥胖和糖尿病引起的并发症，可导致死亡率增加。肥胖和糖尿病患者的肾损伤有多种机制和途径。脂肪细胞的扩张触发促炎细胞因子释放到血液循环中并与肾组织细胞膜上的受体结合，导致肾损伤。肥胖介导的炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和线粒体功能障碍是 CKD 的重要原因和进展。褪黑激素 ( N-乙酰-5-甲氧基色胺）是一种由松果体合成的神经元激素，在调节人体多种生理功能方面发挥着重要作用。此外，褪黑激素具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗细胞凋亡等多效作用。在这篇综述中，已经总结和讨论了肥胖、糖尿病状况和肾损伤之间的关系以及褪黑激素在肥胖和糖尿病状况中的体外和体内研究的肾脏保护作用。