Abstract The focus of this paper is to explore two different finite element modeling strategies to understand how well they can be used to characterize different types of impacts. In this paper, finite element numerical simulations of both low velocity and high velocity projectile impact on composite laminates have been carried out. Low velocity impact was based on 3 mm thick 24 ply unidirectional graphite epoxy laminates. High velocity impacts were performed on a laminated S2 Glass with SC-15 resin, since large amounts of material data, and experimental and computational results are available for validation. Two separate progressive material damage models were investigated in the commercial finite element codes Abaqus/CAE and LS-Dyna. The Abaqus/CAE models used a VUMAT subroutine while MAT 162 was chosen due to its wide adoption for impact problems in LS-Dyna. For high velocity projectile impact simulations MAT 162 captures the correct velocity but misses the spread of damage with localization. While the Abaqus/CAE model underperformed due to the lack of modeling the through thickness shear type failures. For Low velocity impact simulations the Abaqus/CAE model showed a good correlation with experimental data while MAT 162 struggled. The modeling limitation imposed by MAT 162 restricting the model to only reduced integration solid elements was found to induce a mesh instability making the model prone to hourglassing. This was specifically a challenge in modeling laminates with a greater number of plies or more representative of structures which might be subjected to impact, which was not an issue at the higher energy.

中文翻译：

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复合材料层合板在不同速度冲击载荷下两种渐进损伤模型的性能评价

摘要 本文的重点是探索两种不同的有限元建模策略，以了解它们可以如何很好地用于表征不同类型的影响。在本文中，已经进行了低速和高速弹丸对复合材料层压板的有限元数值模拟。低速冲击基于 3 毫米厚的 24 层单向石墨环氧树脂层压板。使用 SC-15 树脂对层压 S2 玻璃进行高速冲击，因为大量材料数据以及实验和计算结果可用于验证。在商业有限元代码 Abaqus/CAE 和 LS-Dyna 中研究了两个独立的渐进式材料损伤模型。Abaqus/CAE 模型使用 VUMAT 子程序，而选择 MAT 162 是因为它广泛用于解决 LS-Dyna 中的冲击问题。对于高速弹丸撞击模拟，MAT 162 可以捕获正确的速度，但会错过定位造成的损坏扩散。而 Abaqus/CAE 模型由于缺乏对全厚度剪切型故障的建模而表现不佳。对于低速撞击模拟，Abaqus/CAE 模型显示出与实验数据的良好相关性，而 MAT 162 则表现不佳。MAT 162 强加的建模限制将模型限制为仅减少积分实体元素，这会导致网格不稳定，使模型容易出现沙漏。这在对具有更多层数或更具有代表性的结构的层压板进行建模时尤其具有挑战性，