Novel microsatellite markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting of bougainvillea cultivars. Total of 175 SSRs were designed from over 50,000 SSRs identified in the whole genome sequence data, 33 highly polymorphic markers were identified. These selected SSRs produced a total of 165 alleles with 2 (BOUG-3 and BOUG-50) to 9 (BOUG-69) alleles per loci with an average of 5 alleles per locus. The overall size of the amplified products ranged from 90 bp (BOUG-51 and BOUG-81) to 320 bp (BOUG-162). The gene diversity per locus ranged from 0.13 to 0.91 with a mean of 0.71. Primer BOUG-73 and BOUG-124 exhibited highest gene diversity with greater number of alleles. The mean Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.678 with range of 0.134 (BOUG-77) to 0.958 (BOUG-69). The UPGMA based dendrogram divided the cultivars into seven major clusters. Clustering pattern was more distinct for bract types and variegated cultivars which were also confirmed by PCA scatter plot diagram. The pair-wise genetic distance estimates ranged from 0.089 to 0.86 with an average of 0.56. Each of the 125 cultivar profiled had unique marker profile indicating that the SSR markers identified are useful for identification and differentiation of bougainvillea cultivars. These informative markers identified from the study will be of great utility to assess the genetic diversity, understanding the population structure and in marker assisted breeding for improvement of bougainvillea.

开发了新型微卫星标记，以研究九重葛品种的遗传多样性和DNA指纹图谱。从全基因组序列数据中鉴定出的50,000多个SSR中，总共设计了175个SSR，鉴定出33个高度多态性标记。这些选定的SSR总共产生165个等位基因，每个基因座2个（BOUG-3和BOUG-50）至9个（BOUG-69）等位基因，每个基因座平均5个等位基因。扩增产物的总大小从90 bp（BOUG-51和BOUG-81）到320 bp（BOUG-162）不等。每个基因座的基因多样性范围为0.13至0.91，平均值为0.71。引物BOUG-73和BOUG-124表现出最高的基因多样性和更多的等位基因。Nei的平均遗传多样性指数为0.678，范围为0.134（BOUG-77）至0.958（BOUG-69）。基于UPGMA的树状图将品种分为七个主要类群。片类型和杂色品种的聚类模式更明显，这也通过PCA散点图确认。成对的遗传距离估计值介于0.089至0.86之间，平均为0.56。125个栽培品种的每一个都有独特的标记，表明所鉴定的SSR标记可用于鉴定和区分九重葛品种。从研究中鉴定出的这些信息性标记物将对评估遗传多样性，了解种群结构以及在标记物辅助育种中改善九重葛具有重要作用。成对的遗传距离估计值介于0.089至0.86之间，平均为0.56。125个栽培品种的每一个都有独特的标记，表明所鉴定的SSR标记可用于鉴定和区分九重葛品种。从研究中鉴定出的这些信息性标记物将对评估遗传多样性，了解种群结构以及在标记物辅助育种中改善九重葛具有重要作用。成对的遗传距离估计值介于0.089至0.86之间，平均为0.56。125个栽培品种的每一个都有独特的标记，表明所鉴定的SSR标记可用于鉴定和区分九重葛品种。从研究中鉴定出的这些信息性标记物将对评估遗传多样性，了解种群结构以及在标记物辅助育种中改善九重葛具有重要作用。