Introduction

As life expectancy increases, a growing percentage of older individuals with age-related diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia are expected. Patients with both conditions, i.e. patient with osteosarcopenia, are suggested to have a higher risk of fall and fracture compared to individuals with either condition.

Aim

To investigate the potential relationship between low bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle dysfunction in a Danish cohort of older home-dwelling individuals. Furthermore, to examine the prevalence of osteosarcopenia and alterations in prevalence depending on cut-off values chosen.

Method

Measures of BMD, relative appendicular lean mass and hand grip strength were assessed in 529 individuals aged 65+ from the population-based cross-sectional Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study (CSS). Osteoporosis was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in accordance with the guidelines from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) with application of cut-off values from the EWGSOP2 paper compared to cut-off values derived from a local cohort (CSS).

Results

19.2% had osteoporosis (66 women and 35 men), whereas 2.7% (6 women and 8 men) and 4.2% (7 women and 15 men) had sarcopenia with application of EWGSOP2 and CSS cut-off values, respectively. Using the EWGSOP2 cut-off values, 1.5% (4 women and 4 men) were diagnosed with osteosarcopenia compared to 1.4% (4 women and 3 men) using CSS cut-off values. In the osteoporosis sub-population, 8% (EWGSOP2) and 7% (CSS) had sarcopenia and within the sarcopenia sub-population, 61.5% (EWGSOP2) and 33.3% (CSS) had osteoporosis. At all sites, BMD was lower among individuals with sarcopenia and sarcopenia increased the risk of osteoporosis (odds ratios: EWGSOP2: 7.3 (p < 0.001) and CSS: 2.2 (ns)).

Conclusion

Osteosarcopenia was present in 1.5% of a group of healthy home-dwelling older individuals. Notably, individuals with sarcopenia had lower BMD and a higher risk of osteoporosis, whereas the opposite (prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with osteoporosis) was not as frequent. Our data indicate that screening for sarcopenia and osteoporosis should be performed simultaneously in older individuals at high risk of falls and fractures. However, further studies with outcome-related results are needed to identify optimal measures of osteosarcopenia and cut-off values for sarcopenia.

中文翻译：

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在丹麦65-93岁的丹麦家庭中，肌肉功能障碍与骨质疏松症的患病率-哥本哈根肌肉少症症研究。

介绍

随着预期寿命的增加，预计患有与年龄有关的疾病（例如骨质疏松症和肌肉减少症）的老年人的百分比将会增加。与两种情况中的任何一种相比，两种情况下的患者（即骨少肌症患者）跌倒和骨折的风险均较高。

目标

为了研究丹麦老年居民家庭中低骨矿物质密度（BMD）与肌肉功能障碍之间的潜在关系。此外，根据选择的临界值检查骨肉减少症的患病率和患病率的变化。

方法

通过基于人群的横断面哥本哈根轻肌肉症研究（CSS），对529名65岁以上的个体进行了BMD，相对阑尾瘦体重和握力的测量。根据世界卫生组织的指南诊断出骨质疏松症。根据欧洲老年人老年人肌肉减少症工作组（EWGSOP2）的指南诊断为肌肉减少症，并应用了EWGSOP2论文中的临界值与当地人群（CSS）得出的临界值进行比较。

结果

分别应用EWGSOP2和CSS截断值时，骨质疏松症的患病率分别为19.2％（66名女性和35名男性），2.7％（6名女性和8名男性）和4.2％（7名女性和15名男性）患有肌肉减少症。使用EWGSOP2临界值，诊断为骨肉减少症的比例为1.5％（4名女性和4名男性），而使用CSS临界值则为1.4％（4名女性和3名男性）。在骨质疏松症亚群中，肌肉减少症占8％（EWGSOP2）和7％（CSS），在骨质疏松症亚群中，骨质疏松症占61.5％（EWGSOP2）和33.3％（CSS）。在所有部位，肌肉减少症患者的BMD均较低，而肌肉减少症增加了骨质疏松症的风险（优势比：EWGSOP2：7.3（p <0.001）和CSS：2.2（ns））。

结论

在一群健康的家庭老年人中，骨少肌症占1.5％。值得注意的是，少肌症患者的BMD较低，骨质疏松症的风险更高，而相反的情况（骨质疏松症患者中少肌症的患病率）并不那么频繁。我们的数据表明，对于跌倒和骨折风险较高的老年人，应同时进行肌肉减少症和骨质疏松症的筛查。但是，需要进行与结局相关结果的进一步研究，以确定骨少症的最佳测量方法和少肌症的临界值。