Water quality of rivers depends on land use, sediment load, natural hazards such as flooding and drought, water pollution and eutrophication, and multiple use. The water quality management of the Gharasou River in a basin-scale approach was reviewed. Both non-point and point sources were investigated in terms of management, land use, and patterns of land use change, soil erosion and sediment load, the changes of water compositions, and sources of water pollution. The role of local farmers in planning and implementing management strategies and policies and vulnerability management was also reviewed. The results showed that in the Gharasou River Basin, conversion of rangelands to rain-fed lands is the main factor that produces sediment loads in the hilly area as they are the most sensitive areas to soil erosion. Sub-basins producing the most considerable runoff and sediment in the main outlet are now evident. The position of point pollution sources and sources responsible for non-point pollution of the Gharasou River is determined. Conversion of rain-fed lands to forest, prohibiting improper agricultural activities, organic farming, government investment for rangelands, wastewater treatment plants, phytoremediation, considering the factors for vulnerability management of drought, and participation of rural communities are suggested as some management strategies and policies for water quality management. This study is likely to help government and policy-makers to have a realistic picture of the water quality of the Gharasou River, its problems, and the reasons responsible for present conditions. The government and policy-makers could/should plan and fulfill the best policies regarding local peoples’ needs and participation to manage natural resources such as soil, water, and land cover/land use.

中文翻译：

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伊朗克尔曼沙什加拉苏河水质管理的策略和政策：审查

河流的水质取决于土地利用，沉积物负荷，洪水和干旱等自然灾害，水污染和富营养化以及多种用途。审查了流域规模的加拉苏河水质管理。在管理，土地利用，土地利用变化方式，土壤侵蚀和沉积物负荷，水组成变化以及水污染源方面对非点源和点源进行了调查。还审查了当地农民在规划和实施管理战略和政策以及脆弱性管理中的作用。结果表明，在Gharasou流域，牧场向旱地转化是造成丘陵地区泥沙淤积的主要因素，因为它们是土壤侵蚀最敏感的地区。现在已经可以看到在主要出口产生最大径流量和沉积物的子流域。确定了点污染源和负责加拉苏河非点污染的源的位置。建议将雨养土地转为森林，禁止不当农业活动，有机农业，政府对牧场的投资，废水处理厂，植物修复，并考虑干旱脆弱性管理的因素，并建议农村社区参与作为一些管理策略和政策。用于水质管理。这项研究可能有助于政府和决策者对加拉苏河的水质，其问题以及造成当前状况的原因有一个现实的了解。