Vitamin E acetate (VEA) has come under significant scrutiny due to its association with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). In 1965, Sir Austin Bradford Hill proposed a set of criteria used to critically assess an association for causality. In this article, we apply the Bradford Hill causation criteria to VEA and the EVALI outbreak to clarify what further areas of study are needed to strengthen the causal argument. Additionally, we highlight the need for systematized approaches to rapidly identify the cause of mass poisoning events of unknown etiology.

中文翻译：

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罪魁祸首或相关？Bradford Hill标准在醋酸维生素E中的应用。

维生素E醋酸酯（VEA）由于与电子烟或电子烟相关的与产品使用相关的肺损伤（EVALI）而受到了严格的审查。1965年，奥斯丁·布拉德福德·希尔爵士提出了一套标准，用于严格评估因果关系。在本文中，我们将Bradford Hill因果关系标准应用于VEA和EVALI爆发，以阐明需要进一步研究哪些领域以加强因果关系。此外，我们强调需要系统化方法来快速识别病因未知的大规模中毒事件的原因。