The Finite element modeling (FEM) simulation and comparison of electroacoustic properties for alternating current poling (ACP) phased arrays and direct current poling (DCP) phased arrays were investigated. The simulated electrical impedance reveals that the effective working bandwidth of ACP phased arrays is wider than that of DCP phased arrays as a whole. Besides, the ACP phased arrays have a higher effective electromechanical coupling coefficient keff compared to DCP arrays, which indicates that higher electromechanical conversion capacity is obtained. The average value of the ratio of longitudinal displacement Rdisp for ACP phased arrays is larger than that of DCP arrays, indicating that the longitudinal transmission efficiency of acoustic energy can be enhanced by using the ACP method. The simulation results of crosstalk are consistent with the results of vibration modal analysis. The coupling effect of transverse vibration for ACP phased arrays is weaker than that of DCP arrays, leading to reduce the interaction between the adjacent elements. The crosstalk of the ACP arrays is -11.87 dB, 0.91 dB lower than that of DCP arrays. The pulse-echo response of ACP phased arrays is 7.2% broader -6 dB bandwidth, 0.79 dB higher relative sensitivity compared to the DCP phased arrays, which prove that the longitudinal resolution and penetration depth of the ultrasonic imaging can be improved by using the ACP arrays. Besides, the consequences of the beam profile illustrate that the maximum acoustic pressure of ACP arrays is 13.8% higher than that of DCP arrays and the directivity of ACP array is slightly better than that of DCP arrays.

中文翻译：

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基于PMN-PT单晶的相控阵超声换能器交流极化和直流极化的有限元仿真与比较

研究了交流极化 (ACP) 相控阵和直流极化 (DCP) 相控阵的有限元建模 (FEM) 模拟和电声特性的比较。模拟电阻抗表明，ACP 相控阵的有效工作带宽整体上比 DCP 相控阵的有效带宽要宽。此外，与 DCP 阵列相比，ACP 相控阵具有更高的有效机电耦合系数 keff，这表明获得了更高的机电转换能力。ACP相控阵纵向位移比Rdisp的平均值大于DCP阵列，说明ACP法可以提高声能的纵向传输效率。串扰仿真结果与振动模态分析结果一致。ACP相控阵横向振动的耦合效应比DCP阵列弱，导致相邻单元之间的相互作用减弱。ACP阵列串扰为-11.87 dB，比DCP阵列低0.91 dB。ACP相控阵的脉冲回波响应比DCP相控阵宽7.2%-6 dB带宽，相对灵敏度提高0.79 dB，证明使用ACP可以提高超声成像的纵向分辨率和穿透深度数组。此外，波束剖面的结果表明，ACP阵列的最大声压比DCP阵列高13.8%，ACP阵列的指向性略好于DCP阵列。