Abstract Flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites have received extensive attention over last decades because of their exceptional flame retardancy and mechanical robustness. Despite great advances, there remains an urgent lack of a comprehensive review on the design, performances, applications and challenges of these polymeric nanocomposites. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art design and performances of polymeric nanocomposites. Substantial emphasis is placed on the combination effect between nanomaterials with variable dimensions and scales, and/or conventional phosphorus-, nitrogen- and/or silicon- containing flame retardants. The combination of nanomaterials with different geometries and conventional flame retardants via either chemical or physical methods has enabled tunable flame retardancy and mechanical performances for the resultant polymeric nanocomposites. Flame retardant mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites are also discussed in detail. Although the multiple combination represents an innovative and effective strategy to create high-performance flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites, many key challenges remain to be addressed. In response to these challenges, four fundamental design principles are proposed for creating flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites. Finally, some potential applications of these advanced flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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纳米材料与常规阻燃剂相结合的阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料

摘要 在过去的几十年中，阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料因其卓越的阻燃性和机械强度而受到广泛关注。尽管取得了巨大进步，但仍然迫切缺乏对这些聚合物纳米复合材料的设计、性能、应用和挑战的全面审查。本综述侧重于聚合物纳米复合材料的最新设计和性能。大量强调具有可变尺寸和尺度的纳米材料和/或常规含磷、氮和/或硅阻燃剂之间的组合效应。通过化学或物理方法将具有不同几何形状的纳米材料与常规阻燃剂相结合，使所得聚合物纳米复合材料具有可调的阻燃性和机械性能。还详细讨论了聚合物纳米复合材料的阻燃机制。尽管多重组合代表了一种创造高性能阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的创新和有效策略，但仍有许多关键挑战有待解决。为了应对这些挑战，提出了四个基本设计原则来制造阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料。最后，还讨论了这些高级阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的一些潜在应用。还详细讨论了聚合物纳米复合材料的阻燃机制。尽管多重组合代表了一种创造高性能阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的创新和有效策略，但仍有许多关键挑战有待解决。为了应对这些挑战，提出了四个基本设计原则来制造阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料。最后，还讨论了这些高级阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的一些潜在应用。还详细讨论了聚合物纳米复合材料的阻燃机制。尽管多重组合代表了一种创造高性能阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的创新和有效策略，但仍有许多关键挑战有待解决。为了应对这些挑战，提出了四个基本设计原则来制造阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料。最后，还讨论了这些高级阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的一些潜在应用。提出了四个基本设计原则来创建阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料。最后，还讨论了这些高级阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的一些潜在应用。提出了四个基本设计原则来创建阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料。最后，还讨论了这些高级阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的一些潜在应用。