Disturbances in personal identity are recognized in psychosis and depression. However, it is not known whether these disruptions share common processes across clinical groups, or whether there are unique alterations by group or between men and women within each clinical group. To advance on this question, we compared personal identity dimensions in psychosis and depression and investigated the effects of gender and depressive mood. This study assessed cognitive aspects related to personal identity using the repertory grid technique among 85 outpatients with psychosis, 85 outpatients with depressive disorders and 85 healthy controls who were matched by age. Data regarding depressive mood and general functioning was also collected. Results showed that self-discrepancies were higher in psychosis and depression than in controls, and were associated with depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking was more prevalent in women in both clinical groups. Women with psychosis showed higher ideal-others discrepancy and had a more complex structure of personal identity than their male counterparts. To conclude, alterations in self-ideal and self-others discrepancies may be transdiagnostic dimensions related to depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking may also be a common dimensional characteristic in psychosis and depression but more specific to women. Finally, critical views of others and a higher complexity of personal identity may be more specific to women than men with psychosis. Our results are consistent with other studies pointing to the need for person-focused treatments promoting the recovery of a full sense of personal identity, rather than just focusing on specific thoughts and feelings.

人格障碍在精神病和抑郁症中得到公认。但是，尚不清楚这些中断是否在临床组之间共享相同的过程，或者每个临床组内的组别或男女之间是否存在独特的改变。为了解决这个问题，我们比较了精神病和抑郁症中的个人身份维度，并研究了性别和抑郁情绪的影响。这项研究使用储备格技术评估了85名精神病门诊患者，85名抑郁症门诊患者和85名按年龄匹配的健康对照者的与个人身份相关的认知方面。还收集了有关抑郁情绪和一般功能的数据。结果显示，精神病和抑郁症的自我差异高于对照组，并伴有抑郁情绪。人际二分法思维在两个临床组的女性中更为普遍。患有精神病的妇女表现出更高的理想与他人的差异，并且比男性具有更高的个人身份结构。总而言之，自我理想和自我他人差异的改变可能是与抑郁情绪有关的经诊断因素。人际二分法思维在精神病和抑郁症中也可能是一个常见的维度特征，但更特定于女性。最后，对他人的批判性观点和较高的个人身份复杂性可能比患有精神病的男性更具针对性。我们的结果与其他研究一致，这些研究指出需要以人为本的治疗方法，以促进全面的个人身份恢复，