Abstract The application of biotechnological innovations has increased in agriculture and forestry over the past two decades. Numerous benefits of biotechnologies are documented; however, implementation is controversial and continues to face technical, biophysical and societal barriers. The longer history of agricultural biotechnology holds potential lessons for emerging proposals in forestry, and vice versa. Using a systematic review and content analysis of the scholarly literature in agriculture and forestry (235 articles) between 1989 and 2017, we compare these two sectors in terms of justifications for the use of biotechnologies, barriers to and recommendations for implementation, and types of evidence considered. The primary benefit of biotechnologies identified in the agricultural literature is food security, whereas forest productivity and adaptation to climate change are the most common motivating justifications in a forest context. We find a relatively greater emphasis in the forestry literature on regulatory and legal barriers. Both fields emphasize recommendations to address barriers related to lack of knowledge and governance processes despite relatively less emphasis on these items as identified barriers. Relatively few (32%) forestry articles were informed by insights from the social sciences and humanities as compared with 51% of those in agriculture. We discuss the implications of anticipated public opposition to tree biotechnology and associated perceptions of risk unique to trees. We also discuss biotechnology governance dilemmas within an “upstream” approach, highlighting the need for meaningful ways of involving stakeholders, rights holders and different publics at the earliest possible stage of the implementation of biotechnologies.

中文翻译：

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农业和林业中的生物技术：来自障碍和建议的比较系统审查的治理见解

摘要 过去二十年来，生物技术创新在农业和林业中的应用有所增加。记录了生物技术的众多好处；然而，实施存在争议，并继续面临技术、生物物理和社会障碍。农业生物技术的悠久历史为林业的新兴提案提供了潜在的教训，反之亦然。通过对 1989 年至 2017 年间农业和林业学术文献（235 篇文章）的系统回顾和内容分析，我们在使用生物技术的理由、实施障碍和建议以及证据类型方面比较了这两个部门经过考虑的。农业文献中确定的生物技术的主要好处是粮食安全、而森林生产力和对气候变化的适应是森林环境中最常见的激励理由。我们发现林业文献中对监管和法律障碍的重视程度相对较高。这两个领域都强调了解决与缺乏知识和治理流程相关的障碍的建议，尽管相对较少地强调这些项目作为已识别的障碍。与农业相关的 51% 的文章相比，相对较少 (32%) 的林业文章来自社会科学和人文学科的见解。我们讨论了预期的公众反对树木生物技术的影响以及对树木特有的风险的相关看法。我们还讨论了“上游”方法中的生物技术治理困境，强调需要以有意义的方式让利益相关者参与进来，