BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE After esophagectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy (S + CT) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (S + CRT) can improve survival in patients with node-positive resectable esophageal cancer. However, we are not aware of any studies that directly compared these adjuvant treatments. This study aimed to compare S + CT and S + CRT for patients with esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with node-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent S + CT or S + CRT at Sichuan Cancer Hospital during 2008-2017. The patients' characteristics were compared, as well as their overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to create balanced patient groups according to adjuvant treatment, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors that predicted the survival outcomes. RESULTS The 859 eligible patients underwent S + CRT (250 patients, 29.1%) or S + CT (609 patients, 70.9%). After propensity score matching (247 patients per group), the 5-year OS rates were 41.8% for S + CRT and 26.8% for S + CT (p = 0.028), and the 5-year DFS rates were 37.2% for S + CRT and 25.5% for S + CT (p = 0.012). Multivariate Cox regression analysis of the matched samples revealed that, relative to the S + CT group, the S + CRT group had better OS (hazard ratio: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.91; p = 0.006) and DFS (hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56-0.88; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Among patients with node-positive resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, S + CRT was associated with better OS than S + CT. A multicenter randomized clinical trial is warranted to confirm these findings.

中文翻译：

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淋巴结阳性食管鳞癌术后辅助化疗与放化疗的倾向性得分匹配分析。

背景与目的食管切除术后，辅助化疗（S + CT）和辅助放化疗（S + CRT）可以提高淋巴结阳性可切除食管癌患者的生存率。但是，我们尚无直接比较这些辅助治疗的研究。这项研究旨在比较食管癌患者的S + CT和S + CRT。材料与方法我们回顾性分析了2008-2017年间在四川省癌症医院接受S + CT或S + CRT的淋巴结阳性食管鳞状细胞癌患者。比较了患者的特征以及他们的总生存期（OS）和无病生存期（DFS）。倾向得分匹配用于根据辅助治疗建立平衡的患者组，并使用Cox比例风险模型来识别预测生存结果的因素。结果859例符合条​​件的患者接受了S + CRT（250例患者，占29.1％）或S + CT（609例患者，占70.9％）。倾向评分匹配后（每组247例患者），S + CRT的5年OS率为41.8％，S + CT的5年OS率为26.8％（p = 0.028），S +的5年DFS率为37.2％。 CRT为25.5％（S + CT）（p = 0.012）。匹配样本的多变量Cox回归分析显示，相对于S + CT组，S + CRT组的OS（危险比：0.71，95％CI：0.56-0.91； p = 0.006）和DFS（危险比）更好。 ：0.70，95％CI：0.56-0.88； p ＝ 0.002）。结论在淋巴结阳性的可切除食管鳞状细胞癌患者中，S + CRT的OS优于S + CT。