Understanding the damage mechanisms of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials under high voltage conditions is of great significance for lightning strike protection and high voltage insulation applications of composite structures. In this paper, we investigated effects of the lightning impulse (LI) voltage and high voltage alternating current (HVAC) puncture on damage modes of the electrically nonconductive glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) matrix composite materials through experimental tests and numerical simulations. The LI and HVAC tests represent the lightning strike and high voltage insulation cable puncture conditions, respectively. Our experimental examinations showed that GFRP composite specimens subjected to the LI voltage test exhibited distinct damage modes compared with those in the HVAC puncture test. The GFRP composite material suffered more charring and fiber vaporization in the HVAC puncture test, whereas less matrix charring and fiber vaporization but severe fiber breakage and delamination in response to the LI voltage tests. The findings indicate that the thermal effect dominates the damage of GFRP composites inflicted by the HVAC puncture test, whereas the mechanical impact effect governs the GFRP composite damage in the LI voltage test. In addition, the electric arc plasma formation during the puncture of the GFRP composite material was modeled through solving Maxwell’s equations and the heat generation equations using finite element analysis. Simulation results provided insights on the effects of duration and intensity of the high voltage electric discharge on the composite damage.

中文翻译：

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模拟雷击冲击电压击穿和直流高压交流击穿玻璃纤维复合材料损伤模式分析

了解纤维增强聚合物基复合材料在高压条件下的损伤机理对于复合结构的雷击防护和高压绝缘应用具有重要意义。在本文中，我们通过实验测试和数值模拟研究了雷电冲击 (LI) 电压和高压交流 (HVAC) 击穿对非导电玻璃纤维增​​强聚合物 (GFRP) 基复合材料损伤模式的影响。LI 和 HVAC 测试分别代表雷击和高压绝缘电缆击穿条件。我们的实验检查表明，与 HVAC 穿刺试验相比，经受 LI 电压试验的 GFRP 复合材料试样表现出不同的损伤模式。GFRP 复合材料在 HVAC 穿刺测试中遭受更多的炭化和纤维汽化，而在 LI 电压测试中，基体炭化和纤维汽化较少，但纤维断裂和分层严重。研究结果表明，热效应在 HVAC 穿刺试验中对 GFRP 复合材料的损伤起主导作用，而机械冲击效应在 LI 电压试验中支配着 GFRP 复合材料的损伤。此外，通过使用有限元分析求解麦克斯韦方程和发热方程，模拟了GFRP复合材料穿刺过程中电弧等离子体的形成。仿真结果提供了有关高压放电持续时间和强度对复合材料损伤的影响的见解。