Due to the high demand of the use of food packaging in the present day, the waste from the material disposal has become a problem of high environmental impact. In this perspective, biodegradable polymers can represent a viable alternative as they degrade after their disposal, thus reducing their environmental impact. The poly(lactic acid) or polylactide is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and compostable polymer, being considered by many authors as one of the most promising biopolymers in industrial applications. However, its low thermal and mechanical properties make it an unfeasible option to replace synthetic polymers. Consequently, polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanoparticles are products of relevant interest currently, mainly due to the thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties these materials can present. Therefore, carbon nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene) modified with octadecylamine in their isolated state and in ternary systems in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.09% were obtained from poly(lactic acid) polymer nanocomposites. After obtaining them, these systems were analyzed by TGA, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, DMA, and NMR techniques. The presence of the octadecylamine modified carbon nanoparticles was able to increase the thermal and mechanical resistance of the poly(lactic acid) matrix. The systems with 0.03% of the nanostructures showed better results in both analyses. In the system with 0.09%, agglomeration occurred, and in ternary systems, the application of these particles results in a greater impact on the molecular mobility exhibiting a synergistic effect that may come from a better dispersion.

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碳纳米颗粒对聚乳酸的机械和热性能的协同作用作为有前途的包装系统

由于当今食品包装的使用需求量很大，材料处理产生的废物已成为一个对环境影响很大的问题。从这个角度来看，生物可降解聚合物可以代表一种可行的替代方案，因为它们在处置后会降解，从而减少对环境的影响。聚乳酸或聚丙交酯是一种可生物降解、生物相容性和可堆肥的聚合物，被许多作者认为是工业应用中最有前途的生物聚合物之一。然而，其低热和机械性能使其成为替代合成聚合物的不可行选择。因此，包含碳纳米颗粒的聚合物纳米复合材料是目前相关的产品，主要是由于这些材料可以呈现的热、机械、电和光学特性。所以，从聚（乳酸）聚合物纳米复合材料中获得了碳纳米粒子（碳纳米管、石墨烯和富勒烯）在其分离状态和三元系统中以 0.01%、0.03% 和 0.09% 的浓度改性。获得它们后，这些系统通过 TGA、DSC、FTIR、XRD、SEM、DMA 和 NMR 技术进行分析。十八胺改性碳纳米颗粒的存在能够增加聚乳酸基体的耐热性和机械阻力。具有 0.03% 纳米结构的系统在两种分析中都显示出更好的结果。在 0.09% 的体系中，发生了团聚，而在三元体系中，这些颗粒的应用对分子流动性产生了更大的影响，表现出协同效应，这可能来自更好的分散。