Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) are of major public health concern on the arid coastal border of Ecuador and Peru. This high transit border is a critical disease surveillance site due to human movement-associated risk of transmission. Local level studies are thus integral to capturing the dynamics and distribution of vector populations and social-ecological drivers of risk, to inform targeted public health interventions. Our study examines factors associated with household-level Ae. aegypti presence in Huaquillas, Ecuador, while accounting for spatial and temporal effects. From January to May of 2017, adult mosquitoes were collected from a cohort of households (n = 63) in clusters (n = 10), across the city of Huaquillas, using aspirator backpacks. Household surveys describing housing conditions, demographics, economics, travel, disease prevention, and city services were conducted by local enumerators. This study was conducted during the normal arbovirus transmission season (January - May), but during an exceptionally dry year. Household level Ae. aegypti presence peaked in February, and counts were highest in weeks with high temperatures and a week after increased rainfall. Presence of Ae. aegypti was highly variable between clusters. Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to explore household social-ecological variables and female Ae. aegypti presence. Houses with Ae. aegypti used larvicide in water tanks and had high awareness of dengue transmission. We found that homes were more likely to have Ae. aegypti when heads of household had lived in the neighborhoods for longer than average (>22 years), when households had more occupants than average (>4.5), had a female head of household, and received more frequent garbage collection. Ae. aegypti presence was less likely in households with reliable water supply and septic systems. Based on our findings, infrastructure access, urban occupancy patterns, and seasonal climate are important considerations for vector control in this city, and even in dry years, this arid environment supports Ae. aegypti breeding habitat.

中文翻译：

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家庭和气候因素影响厄瓜多尔干旱城市瓦基拉斯的埃及伊蚊风险

埃及伊蚊传播的虫媒病毒（例如，登革热，基孔肯雅热，寨卡病毒）在厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的干旱沿海边境地区引起重大公共卫生问题。由于与人类运动有关的传播风险，这一高人口过境边界是重要的疾病监测场所。因此，地方一级的研究对于捕捉病媒种群的动态和分布以及风险的社会生态驱动因素是必不可少的，以为有针对性的公共卫生干预提供信息。我们的研究检查了与家庭级Ae相关的因素。埃及在厄瓜多尔的瓦基拉斯（Huaquillas）开展业务，同时考虑了时空影响。从2017年1月至5月，使用吸气背包从成群（n = 10）的成群居民（n = 10）中收集了成群蚊子（n = 10）。由当地调查员进行的住户调查描述了住房条件，人口统计，经济，旅行，疾病预防和城市服务。这项研究是在正常虫媒病毒传播季节（1月至5月）期间进行的，但在异常干燥的年份进行。家庭级Ae。埃及羚羊的出现在2月达到顶峰，在高温的几周和降雨增加的一周后，埃及的数量都最高。Ae的存在。埃及在集群之间变化很大。分层广义线性模型用于探讨家庭社会生态变量和女性Ae。埃及人的存在。与Ae的房子。伊蚊用于水箱杀幼虫剂和有登革热传播的高知名度。我们发现，家庭中更有可能患有Ae。当户主在附近地区居住的时间超过平均水平（> 22岁），住户人数超过平均水平（> 4.5），女性户主且垃圾收集频率更高时，则为埃及。e 埃及有可靠的供水和化粪池系统的家庭中，存在的可能性较小。根据我们的发现，在这个城市中，基础设施的使用，城市的居住模式和季节性气候是病媒控制的重要考虑因素，即使在干旱年份，这种干旱的环境也为Ae提供了支持。埃及人繁殖栖息地。