Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urological conditions with a huge socio-economic impact. About 50% of recurrent stone-formers have just one lifetime recurrence and >10% of patients present with a high recurrent disease requiring subsequent and sometimes multiple surgical interventions. The advent of new technology has made endourological procedures the pinnacle of stone treatment, including procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery and miniaturized PCNL procedures. Researchers have primarily focused on comparisons with respect to stone-free rates, procedure parameters and post-operative complications. However, the effect of these three procedures on renal function or indexes of renal injury has not been sufficiently examined. This was only reported in a few studies as a secondary objective with the use of common and not the appropriate and detailed renal parameters. This review presents current literature regarding the use of novel and highly predictive biomarkers for diagnosing acute kidney injury, discusses potential mechanisms through which endourological procedures for renal stone treatment may affect renal function and proposes areas with open questions where future research efforts in the field should focus.

中文翻译：

---

治疗肾结石的腔内泌尿外科手术是否与肾损伤相关？潜在机制和新诊断指标的综述。


肾结石是最常见的泌尿系统疾病之一，具有巨大的社会经济影响。大约 50% 的复发性结石患者一生中只会复发一次，而 >10% 的患者则患有高度复发性疾病，需要随后甚至有时需要多次手术干预。新技术的出现使腔内泌尿外科手术成为结石治疗的巅峰，包括经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）、逆行肾内手术和小型PCNL手术等手术。研究人员主要关注无结石率、手术参数和术后并发症的比较。然而，这三种手术对肾功能或肾损伤指标的影响尚未得到充分研究。这仅在少数研究中作为次要目标进行报道，并使用常见的而非适当和详细的肾脏参数。本综述介绍了有关使用新颖且高度预测的生物标志物诊断急性肾损伤的最新文献，讨论了肾结石治疗的腔内泌尿外科手术可能影响肾功能的潜在机制，并提出了该领域未来研究工作应重点关注的开放问题领域。