Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis is a common cause of acute kidney injury, featuring muscle pain, weakness and dark urine and concurrent laboratory evidence of elevated muscle enzymes and myoglobinuria. Rhabdomyolysis is often seen in elderly and frail patients following prolonged immobilization, for example after a fall, but a variety of other causes are also well-described. What is unknown to most physicians dealing with such patients is the fascinating history of rhabdomyolysis. Cases of probable rhabdomyolysis have been reported since biblical times and during antiquity, often in the context of poisoning. Equally interesting is the link between rhabdomyolysis and armed conflict during the 20th century. Salient discoveries regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment were made during the two world wars and in their aftermath. ‘Haff disease’, a form of rhabdomyolysis first described in 1920, has fascinated scientists and physicians alike, but the marine toxin causing it remains enigmatic even today. As a specialty, we have also learned a lot about the disease from 20th-century earthquakes, and networks of international help and cooperation have emerged. Finally, rhabdomyolysis has been described as a sequel to torture and similar forms of violence. Clinicians should be aware that rhabdomyolysis and the development of renal medicine are deeply intertwined with human history.

中文翻译：

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从鹌鹑到地震与人类冲突：横纹肌溶解症的历史视角

摘要

横纹肌溶解症是急性肾损伤的常见原因，其特征在于肌肉疼痛，无力和尿色暗淡，并同时有实验室证据表明肌肉酶和肌红蛋白尿增加。长时间固定后，例如摔倒后，老年人和体弱的患者经常会出现横纹肌溶解症，但也描述了多种其他原因。大多数与这类患者打交道的医生所不知道的是横纹肌溶解的迷人历史。自圣经时代以来和上古以来，通常在中毒的情况下，已经报道了可能的横纹肌溶解病例。同样有趣的是，横纹肌溶解症与20世纪的武装冲突之间的联系。在两次世界大战期间及之后，在病理生理学，诊断和治疗方面均取得了重大发现。“霍夫病”，横纹肌溶解症的一种形式在1920年首次被描述，已经引起了科学家和医生的注意，但是引起这种毒素的海洋毒素直到今天仍然是令人迷惑的。作为一个专科，我们还从20世纪的地震中了解了很多有关这种疾病的知识，并且国际援助与合作网络已经出现。最后，横纹肌溶解被描述为酷刑和类似暴力形式的续集。临床医生应该意识到，横纹肌溶解症和肾脏医学的发展与人类历史息息相关。横纹肌溶解症被描述为酷刑和类似暴力形式的后遗症。临床医生应该意识到，横纹肌溶解症和肾脏医学的发展与人类历史息息相关。横纹肌溶解症被描述为酷刑和类似暴力形式的后遗症。临床医生应该意识到，横纹肌溶解症和肾脏医学的发展与人类历史息息相关。