Fertilization of flowering plants requires the organization of complex tasks, many of which become integrated by the female gametophyte (FG). The FG is a few-celled haploid structure that orchestrates division of labor to coordinate successful interaction with the sperm cells and their transport vehicle, the pollen tube. As reproductive outcome is directly coupled to evolutionary success, the underlying mechanisms are under robust molecular control, including integrity check and repair mechanisms. Here, we review progress on understanding the development and function of the FG, starting with the functional megaspore, which represents the haploid founder cell of the FG. We highlight recent achievements that have greatly advanced our understanding of pollen tube attraction strategies and the mechanisms that regulate plant hybridization and gamete fusion. In addition, we discuss novel insights into plant polyploidization strategies that expand current concepts on the evolution of flowering plants.

中文翻译：

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生殖多任务处理：女性配子体

开花植物的受精需要组织复杂的任务，其中许多任务由雌配子体 (FG) 整合而成。FG 是一种少细胞单倍体结构，它协调分工以协调与精子细胞及其运输工具花粉管的成功相互作用。由于生殖结果与进化成功直接相关，潜在的机制受到强大的分子控制，包括完整性检查和修复机制。在这里，我们回顾了理解 FG 的发育和功能的进展，从代表 FG 的单倍体创始人细胞的功能性大孢子开始。我们强调了最近取得的成就，这些成就极大地促进了我们对花粉管吸引策略以及调节植物杂交和配子融合的机制的理解。此外，我们讨论了对植物多倍化策略的新见解，这些策略扩展了开花植物进化的当前概念。