Although cyanobacteria and algae represent a small fraction of the biomass of all primary producers, their photosynthetic activity accounts for roughly half of the daily CO2 fixation that occurs on Earth. These microorganisms are able to accomplish this feat by enhancing the activity of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco using biophysical CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Biophysical CCMs operate by concentrating bicarbonate and converting it into CO2 in a compartment that houses Rubisco (in contrast with other CCMs that concentrate CO2 via an organic intermediate, such as malate in the case of C4 CCMs). This activity provides Rubisco with a high concentration of its substrate, thereby increasing its reaction rate. The genetic engineering of a biophysical CCM into land plants is being pursued as a strategy to increase crop yields. This review focuses on the progress toward understanding the molecular components of cyanobacterial and algal CCMs, as well as recent advances toward engineering these components into land plants. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 71 is April 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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将生物物理 CO2 浓缩机制工程化到陆地植物中以提高产量的前景

尽管蓝藻和藻类只占所有初级生产者生物量的一小部分，但它们的光合作用活动约占地球上每天发生的 CO2 固定量的一半。这些微生物能够通过使用生物物理 CO2 浓缩机制 (CCM) 增强 CO2 固定酶 Rubisco 的活性来实现这一壮举。生物物理 CCM 通过在装有 Rubisco 的隔间中浓缩碳酸氢盐并将其转化为 CO2（与通过有机中间体浓缩 CO2 的其他 CCM 形成对比，例如 C4 CCM 中的苹果酸盐）。这种活性为 Rubisco 提供了高浓度的底物，从而提高了其反应速率。将生物物理 CCM 基因工程引入陆生植物作为提高作物产量的策略正在被推行。本综述侧重于了解蓝藻和藻类 CCM 分子成分的进展，以及将这些成分改造为陆地植物的最新进展。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。