The control of gaseous exchange between the leaf and external atmosphere is governed by stomatal conductance (gs); therefore, stomata play a critical role in photosynthesis and transpiration and overall plant productivity. Stomatal conductance is determined by both anatomical features and behavioral characteristics. Here we review some of the osmoregulatory pathways in guard cell metabolism, genes and signals that determine stomatal function and patterning, and the recent work that explores coordination between gs and carbon assimilation (A) and the influence of spatial distribution of functional stomata on underlying mesophyll anatomy. We also evaluate the current literature on mesophyll-driven signals that may coordinate stomatal behavior with mesophyll carbon assimilation and explore stomatal kinetics as a possible target to improve A and water use efficiency. By understanding these processes, we can start to provide insight into manipulation of these regulatory pathways to improve stomatal behavior and identify novel unexploited targets for altering stomatal behavior and improving crop plant productivity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 71 is April 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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保卫细胞代谢和气孔功能

叶片和外部大气之间气体交换的控制由气孔导度 (gs) 控制；因此，气孔在光合作用和蒸腾作用以及植物的整体生产力中起着至关重要的作用。气孔导度由解剖特征和行为特征决定。在这里，我们回顾了保卫细胞代谢中的一些渗透调节途径、决定气孔功能和模式的基因和信号，以及最近探索 gs 和碳同化 (A) 之间协调的工作以及功能气孔的空间分布对潜在叶肉的影响解剖学。我们还评估了当前有关叶肉驱动信号的文献，这些信号可能会协调气孔行为与叶肉碳同化，并探索气孔动力学作为提高 A 和水分利用效率的可能目标。通过了解这些过程，我们可以开始深入了解如何操纵这些调节途径以改善气孔行为，并确定用于改变气孔行为和提高作物生产力的新的未开发目标。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。我们可以开始深入了解如何操纵这些调节途径以改善气孔行为，并确定改变气孔行为和提高作物生产力的新的未开发目标。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。我们可以开始深入了解如何操纵这些调节途径以改善气孔行为，并确定改变气孔行为和提高作物生产力的新的未开发目标。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。