This research aims to experimentally improve the overall efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels by coating them with hydrophobic SiO₂ nanomaterial. Also, an accurate mathematical model was used to estimate the parameters of the PV panel, which is a non-linear optimization problem. Based on the experimental data and using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the optimal five parameters of a single diode model of a PV panel were determined in this study. This experimental work was conducted and carried out in the Renewable Energy Laboratory of Assiut University, Egypt. A comparative analysis was completed for three identical solar PV panels; the first panel was coated with hydrophobic SiO₂ nanomaterial, so it was considered to be a self-cleaning panel; the second panel was uncoated and cleaned manually on a daily basis; and the third panel was kept dusty all the time through the experimental investigation, and was used as a reference. Experimentally, the output power of the PV panels was monitored for each panel in this study. Also, the anti-static and anti-reflection effects of coating solar PV panels with hydrophobic SiO₂ nanomaterial were investigated experimentally. According to the obtained experimental results, it was found that the use of SiO₂ coating for PV panels results in the better performance of the PV panels. The overall efficiency of the coated panel increased by 15% and 5%, compared to the dusty panel and the uncoated panel which was manually cleaned daily, respectively.

中文翻译：

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疏水性SiO2纳米材料提高太阳能光伏板能源效率的实验研究。

这项研究旨在通过用疏水性SiO ₂纳米材料涂覆太阳能光伏（PV）面板，以实验方式提高其整体效率。而且，使用了精确的数学模型来估算PV面板的参数，这是一个非线性优化问题。根据实验数据并使用粒子群优化（PSO）算法，本研究确定了光伏面板的单个二极管模型的最佳五个参数。这项实验工作是在埃及Assiut大学的可再生能源实验室中进行的。对三个相同的太阳能光伏电池板进行了比较分析。第一块面板涂有疏水性SiO ₂纳米材料，因此被认为是一种自清洁面板；第二个面板每天不涂涂层并手动清洁；第三块面板在实验研究中一直保持灰尘，并作为参考。实验上，在这项研究中对每个面板的PV面板的输出功率进行了监控。此外，还研究了用疏水性SiO ₂纳米材料涂覆太阳能光伏板的抗静电和抗反射作用。根据获得的实验结果，发现使用SiO ₂PV板的涂层可提高PV板的性能。与每天手动清洁的多尘板和无涂层板相比，涂层板的整体效率分别提高了15％和5％。