Cells need to organise and regulate their biochemical processes both in space and time in order to adapt to their surrounding environment. Spatial organisation of cellular components is facilitated by a complex network of membrane bound organelles. Both the membrane composition and the intra-organellar content of these organelles can be specifically and temporally controlled by imposing gates, much like bouncers controlling entry into night-clubs. In addition, a new level of compartmentalisation has recently emerged as a fundamental principle of cellular organisation, the formation of membrane-less organelles. Many of these structures are dynamic, rapidly condensing or dissolving and are therefore ideally suited to be involved in emergency cellular adaptation to stresses. Remarkably, the same proteins have also the propensity to adopt self-perpetuating assemblies which properties fit the needs to encode cellular memory. Here, we review some of the principles of phase separation and the function of membrane-less organelles focusing particularly on their roles during stress response and cellular memory.

中文翻译：

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应力适应和细胞记忆过程中的蛋白质相分离。

细胞需要在空间和时间上组织和调节其生化过程，以适应其周围环境。膜结合细胞器的复杂网络促进了细胞成分的空间组织。这些细胞器的膜组成和细胞内含量都可以通过施加门来具体地和暂时地控制，就像控制住夜总会的保镖一样。另外，作为细胞组织的基本原理，无膜细胞器的形成最近出现了新的区室水平。这些结构中的许多是动态的，快速凝结或溶解的，因此理想地适于参与紧急细胞对压力的适应。值得注意的是 同样的蛋白质也倾向于采用自我延续的装配，其性质适合编码细胞记忆的需求。在这里，我们回顾一些相分离的原理和无膜细胞器的功能，特别是它们在应激反应和细胞记忆中的作用。