In Brazil, soybean (Glycine max L.) have been grown in production systems with a low plant species diversification. However, these systems are becoming less efficient and sustainable. This study therefore evaluated the profitability of soybean production systems as a function of the degree of diversification of crops grown in the winter period. We conducted an experiment in Paraná state, Brazil, over 6 yr, under no‐tillage. The crop rotation systems included soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and combinations of tropical forage crops, either planted independently or intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.) in the winter. We evaluated the crop yields, gross revenue, total operating cost, gross margin, and profit of each production model. Diversified crop rotation systems increase crop yields and profit compared with the maize–soybean system. The most interesting crop rotations with respect to yield and profit proved to be those that substituted second crop maize for brachiaria ruziziensis (Urochloa ruziziensis) grass as a cover crop every 3 yr or intercropped second crop maize with brachiaria ruziziensis.

中文翻译：

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秋冬季具有多种作物的大豆生产模式的盈利能力

在巴西，大豆（Glycine max L.）已在植物物种多样化程度较低的生产系统中种植。但是，这些系统的效率和可持续性正在降低。因此，这项研究评估了大豆生产系统的获利能力，其与冬季种植的农作物的多样化程度有关。我们在免耕的巴西巴拉那州进行了长达6年的实验。轮作系统包括大豆，小麦（Triticum aestivum L.），以及独立种植或与玉米间作的热带饲草作物（玉米）L.）在冬天。我们评估了每种生产模式的农作物产量，总收入，总运营成本，毛利率和利润。与玉米-大豆系统相比，多样化的轮作系统增加了作物产量和利润。关于产量和利润的最有趣的作物轮作被证明是每隔3年用第二种玉米替代brachiaria ruziziensis（Urochloa ruziziensis）草作为表皮作物或将第二种玉米与Brachiaria ruziziensis间作。