Antheraea pernyi is a semi‐domesticated lepidopteran insect species valuable to the silk industry, human health, and ecological tourism. Owing to its economic influence and developmental properties, it serves as an ideal model for investigating divergence of the Bombycoidea super family. However, studies on the karyotype evolution and functional genomics of A. pernyi are limited by scarce genomic resource. Here, we applied PacBio sequencing and chromosome structure capture technique to assemble the first high‐quality A. pernyi genome from a single male individual. The genome is 720.67 Mb long with 49 chromosomes and a 13.77‐Mb scaffold N50. Approximately 441.75 Mb, accounting for 60.74% of the genome, was identified as repeats. The genome comprises 21,431 protein‐coding genes, 85.22% of which were functionally annotated. Comparative genomics analysis suggested that A. pernyi diverged from its common ancestor with A. yamamai ~30.3 million years ago, and that chromosome fission contributed to the increased chromosome number. The genome assembled in this work will not only facilitate future research on A. pernyi and related species but also help to progress comparative genomics analyses in Lepidoptera.

中文翻译：

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Antheraea pernyi（Saturniidae，鳞翅目）的染色体规模基因组组装。

Antheraea pernyi是一种半驯化的鳞翅目昆虫物种，对丝绸工业、人类健康和生态旅游都很有价值。由于其经济影响和发展特性，它是研究家蚕超家族分化的理想模型。然而，在核型进化和功能基因组学研究柞蚕是由稀缺资源基因组的限制。在这里，我们应用 PacBio 测序和染色体结构捕获技术组装了第一个高质量的柞蚕来自单个男性个体的基因组。基因组长 720.67 Mb，有 49 条染色体和一个 13.77-Mb 的支架 N50。大约 441.75 Mb，占基因组的 60.74%，被鉴定为重复。该基因组包含 21,431 个蛋白质编码基因，其中 85.22% 被功能注释。比较基因组学分析表明，柞蚕，由其与共同祖先分化A.天蚕〜3030万年以前，而染色体裂变有助于增加染色体数目。在这项工作中组装的基因组不仅有助于未来对柞蚕和相关物种的研究，而且有助于推进鳞翅目中的比较基因组学分析。