The gut microbiota plays a prominent role in human health. Alterations in the gut microbiota are linked to the development of chronic diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain cancers. We know that diet plays an important role to initiate, shape, and modulate the gut microbiota. Long‐term dietary patterns are shown to be closely related with the gut microbiota enterotypes, specifically long‐term consumption of carbohydrates (related to Prevotella abundance) or a diet rich in protein and animal fats (correlated to Bacteroides). Short‐term consumption of solely animal‐ or plant‐based diets have rapid and reproducible modulatory effects on the human gut microbiota. These alterations in microbiota profile by dietary alterations can be due to impact of different dietary macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which have diverse modulatory effects on gut microbial composition. Food‐derived phenolics, which encompass structural variants of flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, stilbenes, ellagitannins, and lignans can modify the gut microbiota. Gut microbes have been shown to act on dietary fibers and phenolics to produce functional metabolites that contribute to gut health. Here, we discuss recent studies on the impacts of phenolics and phenolic fiber‐rich foods on the human gut microbiota and provide an insight into potential synergistic roles between their bacterial metabolic products in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.

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酚类和富含酚纤维的食物对人体肠道菌群的调节

肠道菌群在人类健康中起着重要作用。肠道菌群的改变与肥胖，炎性肠病，代谢综合征和某些癌症等慢性疾病的发展有关。我们知道饮食在启动，塑造和调节肠道菌群中起着重要作用。长期的饮食习惯与肠道菌群的肠型密切相关，特别是长期摄入碳水化合物（与丰富的普氏杆菌有关）或富含蛋白质和动物脂肪的饮食（与拟杆菌属有关）。）。短期食用仅以动物或植物为基础的饮食对人类肠道菌群具有快速且可重复的调节作用。饮食变化引起的微生物群分布的这些变化可能归因于不同饮食中的大量营养素，碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪的影响，这些营养素对肠道微生物的组成具有多种调节作用。食品中的酚类化合物包括类黄酮，羟基苯甲酸，羟基肉桂酸，香豆素，丁苯醚，鞣花单宁和木脂素的结构变体，可以改变肠道菌群。肠道微生物已被证明可作用于膳食纤维和酚类物质，以产生有助于肠道健康的功能性代谢产物。这里，