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Characterizing Extreme Geomagnetic Storms Using Extreme Value Analysis: A Discussion on the Representativeness of Short Data Sets
Space Weather ( IF 4.288 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1029/2020sw002450
G. Bernoux 1 , V. Maget 1
Affiliation  

One of the main goals when studying Space Weather is to characterize extreme events occurrences and related characteristics. To do so, dedicated statistical methods from the so‐called extreme value analysis (EVA) field have been developed. In this study we used Ca index, derived from aa, in order to characterize geoeffectiveness from the radiation belts point of view with a 150‐year‐long data set. The analysis performed in this study thus focuses on this newsworthy index to provide clues on the reliability of EVA methods. The first main result we present here is that the 1‐in‐10‐, 1‐in‐50‐, and 1‐in‐100‐year events, respectively, match Ca values of 100.39, 131.39, and 142.84 nT. Consequently, the only 1‐in‐100 event observed during the Space Era would be the “Halloween Storm” in 2003 that reached a Ca value of 147.6 nT. The second main result highlighted in this work is that performing the same analysis with shorter subsets (20 years long) can give significantly different results for two reasons. The first reason is that some short time periods do not display the same distribution of events as the full period. The second reason is that the choice of the correct threshold (when using a Peaks Over Threshold approach) is made difficult with a short data set and leads to inaccurate results. This is a strong result as for accurate estimation of the induced effects of extreme events in radiation belts, we may only rely on short flux data sets from one or another mission (mostly shorter than 20 years).

中文翻译:

利用极值分析表征极端地磁风暴:讨论短数据集的代表性

研究太空天气的主要目标之一是表征极端事件的发生和相关特征。为此,已经开发了所谓的极值分析(EVA)领域的专用统计方法。在本研究中,我们使用源自aa的Ca指数,以150年的数据集从辐射带的角度表征地球有效性。因此,本研究中的分析着眼于这个具有新闻价值的指数,以提供有关EVA方法可靠性的线索。我们在这里出现的第一个主要结果是,每年发生的10分之一,发生在50分之一和发生在100分之一的事件的Ca值分别匹配100.39、131.39和142.84 nT。因此,在太空时代观察到的唯一的百分之一事件是2003年的“万圣节风暴”,Ca值为147.6 nT。这项工作强调的第二个主要结果是,由于两个原因,使用较短的子集(长达20年)进行相同的分析可能会得出截然不同的结果。第一个原因是,某些短时间段显示的事件分布与整个时间段不同。第二个原因是,使用较短的数据集很难选择正确的阈值(使用“超过阈值的峰值”方法时),并导致结果不准确。这是一个很强的结果,因为要准确估计辐射带中极端事件的诱发效应,我们可能仅依靠来自一个或另一个任务(通常短于20年)的短通量数据集。第一个原因是,某些短时间段显示的事件分布与整个时间段不同。第二个原因是,使用较短的数据集很难选择正确的阈值(使用“超过阈值的峰值”方法时),并导致结果不准确。这是一个很强的结果,因为要准确估计辐射带中极端事件的诱发效应,我们可能仅依靠来自一个或另一个任务(通常短于20年)的短通量数据集。第一个原因是,某些短时间段显示的事件分布与整个时间段不同。第二个原因是,使用较短的数据集很难选择正确的阈值(使用“超过阈值的峰值”方法时),并导致结果不准确。这是一个很强的结果,因为要准确估计辐射带中极端事件的诱发效应,我们可能仅依靠来自一个或另一个任务(通常短于20年)的短通量数据集。
更新日期:2020-06-22
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