Gravity waves (GW) are a crucial coupling mechanism for the exchange of energy and momentum flux (MF) between the lower, middle, and upper layers of the atmosphere. Among the remote instruments used to study them, there has been a continuous increment in the last years in the installation and use of lidars (light detection and ranging) all over the globe. Two of them, which are only night operating, are located in Río Gallegos (−69.3° W, −51.6° S) and Río Grande (−67.8° W, −53.8° S), in the neighborhood of the austral tip of South America. This is a well‐known GW hot spot from late autumn to early spring. Neither the source for this intense activity nor the extent of its effects have been yet fully elucidated. In the last years, different methods that combine diverse retrieval techniques have been presented in order to describe the three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of observed GW, their propagation direction, their energy, and the MF that they carry. Assuming the presence of a dominant GW in the covered region, we develop here a technique that uses the temperature profiles from two simultaneously working close lidars to infer the vertical wavelength, ground‐based frequency, and horizontal wavelength along the direction joining both instruments. If in addition within the time and spatial frame of both lidars there is also a retrieval from a satellite like SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry), then we show that it is possible to infer also the second horizontal wavelength and therefore reproduce the full 3‐D GW structure. Our method becomes verified with an example that includes tests that corroborate that both lidars and the satellite are sampling the same GW. The improvement of the Río Gallegos lidar performance could lead in the future to the observation of a wealth of cases during the GW high season. Between 8 and 14 hr (depending on the month) of continuous nighttime data could be obtained in the stratosphere and mesosphere in simultaneous soundings from both ground‐based lidars.

中文翻译：

---

来自两个近距离激光雷达和卫星的温度曲线，以推断主导重力波的结构

重力波（GW）是在大气的下层，中层和高层之间交换能量和动量通量（MF）的关键耦合机制。在用于研究它们的远程仪器中，最近几年在全球范围内激光雷达的安装和使用（光检测和测距）一直在持续增长。其中两个仅在夜间工作，位于南南部南端附近的里奥加勒戈斯（−69.3°W，−51.6°S）和里奥格兰德（−67.8°W，−53.8°S）美国。从秋末到初春，这是一个著名的GW热点。尚未充分阐明这种激烈活动的来源及其影响的程度。最近几年 为了描述观察到的GW的三维（3D）结构，它们的传播方向，它们的能量以及它们携带的MF，已经提出了结合多种检索技术的不同方法。假设在覆盖区域中存在显性GW，我们在此开发一种技术，该技术使用两个同时工作的封闭激光雷达的温度分布来推断沿两个仪器连接的方向的垂直波长，地面频率和水平波长。如果另外在两个激光雷达的时间和空间范围内，还可以从卫星（如SABER（使用宽带发射辐射测量法测大气））中进行检索，那么我们表明，还可以推断出第二个水平波长，从而进行再现完整的3D GW结构。我们的方法通过一个包含示例的测试得到了验证，该示例证实了激光雷达和卫星都在采样相同的GW。RíoGallegos激光雷达性能的改善可能会导致将来在GW旺季期间观察到大量案件。在平流层和中层中，从两个地面激光雷达同时发声，可以获得连续夜间的8到14个小时（取决于月份）。