Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function related to aging, undereating, disease conditions, or inactivity. Pre-existing sarcopenia diminishes the functional reserve of patients with cancer which increases their risk for frailty, cancer cachexia, and worse outcomes from treatments. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multi-factorial: opening opportunities for clinicians to work across disciplines to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The purpose of this essay is to describe sarcopenia, discuss clinical screening and assessment for sarcopenia, and highlight potential interventions to manage sarcopenia in the urologic oncology population.

肌肉减少症是与衰老、饮食不足、疾病状况或缺乏活动相关的肌肉质量和功能的丧失。预先存在的肌肉减少症会减少癌症患者的功能储备，从而增加他们虚弱、癌症恶病质和治疗结果更差的风险。肌肉减少症的发病机制是多因素的：为临床医生提供跨学科工作的机会，以改善患者的预后和生活质量。本文的目的是描述肌肉减少症，讨论肌肉减少症的临床筛查和评估，并强调在泌尿肿瘤人群中管理肌肉减少症的潜在干预措施。