Plant-associated microbiomes can boost plant growth or control pathogens. Altering the microbiome by inoculation with a consortium of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance plant development and mitigate against pathogens as well as abiotic stresses. Manipulating the plant holobiont by microbiome engineering is an emerging biotechnological strategy to improve crop yields and resilience. Indirect approaches to microbiome engineering include the use of soil amendments or selective substrates, and direct approaches include inoculation with specific probiotic microbes, artificial microbial consortia, and microbiome breeding and transplantation. We highlight why and how microbiome services could be incorporated into traditional agricultural practices and the gaps in knowledge that must be answered before these approaches can be commercialized in field applications.

植物相关微生物组可以促进植物生长或控制病原体。通过接种植物生长促进根际细菌 (PGPR) 联合体来改变微生物组，可以促进植物发育并减轻病原体和非生物胁迫。通过微生物组工程操纵植物全息生物是一种新兴的生物技术策略，可提高作物产量和恢复力。微生物组工程的间接方法包括使用土壤改良剂或选择性底物，直接方法包括接种特定的益生菌微生物、人工微生物群落以及微生物组育种和移植。