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The effect of Nd and Zr co-substitution on structural, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of Bi1-xNdxFe1-xZrxO3 nanoparticles
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105179
Leyla Esmaili , Ahmad Gholizadeh

Abstract In this paper, Bi1-xNdxFe1-xZrxO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) nanoparticles were prepared by citrate-nitrate method. The samples were structurally and magnetically characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Structural analysis of the samples shows a rhombohedral structure (space group R3c) for samples x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, while two lattice structures of the rhombohedral phase and cubic (space group Fd-3m) coexist for samples x = 0.08, 0.10, as confirmed by FT-IR spectrometry. FE-SEM images show that the average particle sizes of 50–100 nm have decreased with increasing Nd/Zr concentration. The magnetic properties of the samples such as the coercive field, remanence magnetization, and saturation magnetization indicate a hard ferromagnetic behavior compared to the antiferromagnetic behavior of the BiFeO3. The better magnetic properties observed for sample x = 0.08 than other synthesized samples can be mainly attributed to the destruction of the periodicity of spin cycloid by the structural phase transition, the reduction of particle size, uncompensated surface spins in the nanoparticles, decrease in the Fe–O–Fe superexchange interaction, and to the exchange coupling between Nd3+ and Fe3+ ions. Also, sample x = 0.08, show the best photocatalytic activity (~92%) among the samples and much higher than that for the pure BFO sample (~48%), which can be attributed to the smaller average particle size.

中文翻译:

Nd和Zr共取代对Bi1-xNdxFe1-xZrxO3纳米颗粒结构、磁性和光催化性能的影响

摘要 本文采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐法制备了Bi1-xNdxFe1-xZrxO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10)纳米颗粒。通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计对样品进行结构和磁性表征。样品的结构分析显示样品 x = 0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06 的菱面体结构(空间群 R3c),而样品 x = 0.08 的菱形相和立方体(空间群 Fd-3m)的两种晶格结构共存, 0.10,由 FT-IR 光谱法证实。FE-SEM 图像显示,随着 Nd/Zr 浓度的增加,50-100 nm 的平均粒径已经减小。样品的磁特性,如矫顽场,剩磁和饱和磁化表明与 BiFeO3 的反铁磁行为相比具有硬铁磁行为。观察到样品 x = 0.08 比其他合成样品更好的磁性能主要归因于结构相变破坏了自旋摆线的周期性、粒径减小、纳米颗粒中未补偿的表面自旋、Fe 的减少–O–Fe 超交换相互作用,以及 Nd3+ 和 Fe3+ 离子之间的交换耦合。此外,样品 x = 0.08,显示出样品中最好的光催化活性 (~92%),远高于纯 BFO 样品 (~48%),这可归因于较小的平均粒径。和饱和磁化强度表明与 BiFeO3 的反铁磁行为相比具有硬铁磁行为。观察到样品 x = 0.08 比其他合成样品更好的磁性能主要归因于结构相变破坏了自旋摆线的周期性、粒径减小、纳米颗粒中未补偿的表面自旋、Fe 的减少–O–Fe 超交换相互作用,以及 Nd3+ 和 Fe3+ 离子之间的交换耦合。此外,样品 x = 0.08,显示出样品中最好的光催化活性 (~92%),远高于纯 BFO 样品 (~48%),这可归因于较小的平均粒径。和饱和磁化强度表明与 BiFeO3 的反铁磁行为相比具有硬铁磁行为。观察到样品 x = 0.08 比其他合成样品更好的磁性能主要归因于结构相变破坏了自旋摆线的周期性、粒径减小、纳米颗粒中未补偿的表面自旋、Fe 的减少–O–Fe 超交换相互作用,以及 Nd3+ 和 Fe3+ 离子之间的交换耦合。此外,样品 x = 0.08,显示出样品中最好的光催化活性 (~92%),远高于纯 BFO 样品 (~48%),这可归因于较小的平均粒径。08 与其他合成样品相比,主要归因于结构相变破坏了自旋摆线的周期性、粒径减小、纳米颗粒中未补偿的表面自旋、Fe-O-Fe 超交换相互作用的减少,以及Nd3+ 和 Fe3+ 离子之间的交换耦合。此外,样品 x = 0.08,显示出样品中最好的光催化活性 (~92%),远高于纯 BFO 样品 (~48%),这可归因于较小的平均粒径。08 与其他合成样品相比,主要归因于结构相变破坏了自旋摆线的周期性、粒径减小、纳米颗粒中未补偿的表面自旋、Fe-O-Fe 超交换相互作用的减少,以及Nd3+ 和 Fe3+ 离子之间的交换耦合。此外,样品 x = 0.08,显示出样品中最好的光催化活性 (~92%),远高于纯 BFO 样品 (~48%),这可归因于较小的平均粒径。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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