Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to investigate the possible shielding materials of aluminum, polyethylene, hydrides, complex hydrides and composite materials for radiation protection in spacecraft by considering two physical parameters, stopping power and fragmentation cross section. The dose reduction with shielding materials was investigated for Fe ions with energies of 500 MeV/n, 1 GeV/n and 2 GeV/n which are around the peak of the GCR energy spectrum. Fe ions easily stop in materials such as polyethylene and hydrides as opposed to materials such as aluminum and complex hydrides including high Z metals with contain little or no hydrogen. Attenuation of the primary particles in the shielding and fragmentation into more lightly charged and therefore more penetrating secondary particles are competing factors: attenuation acts to reduce the dose behind shielding while fragmentation increases it. Among hydrogenous materials, ⁶Li¹⁰BH₄ was one of the more effective shielding materials as a function of mass providing a 20% greater dose reduction compared to polyethylene. Composite materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic and SiC composite plastic offer 1.9 times the dose reduction compared to aluminum as well as high mechanical strength. Composite materials have been found to be promising for spacecraft shielding, where both mass and volume are constrained.

Geant4蒙特卡洛模拟进行了研究，通过考虑两个物理参数，即停止功率和破碎截面，研究了铝，聚乙烯，氢化物，复合氢化物和复合材料对航天器辐射防护的可能屏蔽材料。对于能量为500 MeV / n，1 GeV / n和2 GeV / n的Fe离子，其在GCR能谱的峰值附近，研究了使用屏蔽材料降低剂量的情况。与铝和包括高Z的复合氢化物这样的材料相反，铁离子容易在聚乙烯和氢化物等材料中停止含或不含氢的金属。屏蔽层中的初级粒子和碎片的衰减会变成电荷更轻的，因此穿透性更强的次级粒子是竞争因素：衰减可降低屏蔽层后面的剂量，而碎片化会增加屏蔽层的剂量。在含氢材料中，⁶ Li ¹⁰ BH ₄聚乙烯是一种最有效的屏蔽材料，其质量随质量的变化比聚乙烯降低了20％。碳纤维增强塑料和SiC复合塑料等复合材料的剂量减少量是铝的1.9倍，并且机械强度高。已经发现复合材料对于质量和体积都受限制的航天器屏蔽是有希望的。