Abstract The mechanisms for rock failure involve instability, where an energy exchange and transformation occurs between the rock and an external energy source. Few studies have been conducted on rock failure characteristics in terms of the energy evolution under different loading rates. This study investigated the damage resulting from brittle granite failure under loading rates of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.05 mm/s from the energy perspective. The results showed that the elastic and scattered strain energies absorbed in the initial compression phase were small. The elastic strain energy absorbed in the rock elasticity stage was mainly stored in the form of elastic energy, and the rate of increase for the scattered energy was less than those for the total strain energy and elastic strain energy. In the dilatation and breaking stage, the scattered energy increased sharply, elastic energy was rapidly released, and rock bursting accompanied the breaking. The loading rate increased from 0.001 mm/s to 0.05 mm/s, total strain energy increased by 91%, elastic energy increased by 48%, and spread energy increased by 184%. At the first stage of loading, the damage variable of the rock mass was small. With an increase in the loading rate, the damage variable of the rock sample gradually increased. When the stress reached its peak value, the damage variable rapidly increased. Under the same stress, a greater loading rate resulted in a greater change in the damage variable.

中文翻译：

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不同加载速率下脆性花岗岩的能量演化

摘要 岩石破坏的机制涉及不稳定性，即岩石与外部能源之间发生能量交换和转换。关于不同加载速率下能量演化的岩石破坏特征的研究很少。本研究从能量角度研究了在 0.001、0.005、0.01 和 0.05 mm/s 加载速率下脆性花岗岩破坏造成的损坏。结果表明，在初始压缩阶段吸收的弹性和散射应变能很小。岩石弹性阶段吸收的弹性应变能主要以弹性能的形式储存，散射能的增加率小于总应变能和弹性应变能的增加率。在扩张和破碎阶段，散射能量急剧增加，弹性能量迅速释放，岩石爆裂伴随着破碎。加载速率从0.001 mm/s提高到0.05 mm/s，总应变能增加91%，弹性能增加48%，扩展能增加184%。在加载的第一阶段，岩体的损伤变量很小。随着加载速率的增加，岩样的损伤变量逐渐增大。当应力达到峰值时，损伤变量迅速增加。在相同的应力下，更大的加载速率导致更大的损伤变量变化。弹性能增加48%，铺展能增加184%。在加载的第一阶段，岩体的损伤变量很小。随着加载速率的增加，岩样的损伤变量逐渐增大。当应力达到峰值时，损伤变量迅速增加。在相同的应力下，更大的加载速率导致更大的损伤变量变化。弹性能增加48%，铺展能增加184%。在加载的第一阶段，岩体的损伤变量很小。随着加载速率的增加，岩样的损伤变量逐渐增大。当应力达到峰值时，损伤变量迅速增加。在相同的应力下，更大的加载速率导致更大的损伤变量变化。