Abstract Understanding the dynamics of glaciers is essential for the knowledge of global sea-level rise, local freshwater resources in high mountain and arid regions, and the potential glacial hazards. In this paper, we present a two-dimensional thermomechanically coupled ice flow model named PoLIM (Polythermal Land Ice Model). The velocity solver of PoLIM is developed based on the Blatter–Pattyn approximation of Stokes flow. It uses an enthalpy formulation of the energy balance, an approach that is suitable for modeling the polythermal glaciers. PoLIM also includes a scheme for gravity-driven drainage of water in temperate ice, a subglacial hydrology model coupled with ice dynamics, and multiple basal sliding laws. The model has been verified by standard benchmark problems, including the ISMIP-HOM experiments, the enthalpy benchmark experiments, and the SHMIP experiments. PoLIM shows good performances and agrees well with these benchmark results, indicating its robust capability of simulating the thermomechanical behaviors of glaciers.

中文翻译：

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山地冰川二维、高阶、基于焓的热机械冰流模型及其基准实验

摘要 了解冰川动态对于了解全球海平面上升、高山干旱地区当地淡水资源以及潜在的冰川灾害至关重要。在本文中，我们提出了一种名为 PoLIM（多热陆地冰模型）的二维热机械耦合冰流模型。PoLIM 的速度求解器是基于 Stokes 流的 Blatter-Pattyn 近似开发的。它使用能量平衡的焓公式，这种方法适用于多热冰川建模。PoLIM 还包括温带冰中重力驱动排水方案、与冰动力学相结合的冰下水文模型和多个基础滑动定律。该模型已通过标准基准问题验证，包括 ISMIP-HOM 实验、焓基准实验、和 SHIP 实验。PoLIM 表现出良好的性能并与这些基准结果非常吻合，表明其模拟冰川热机械行为的强大能力。