The direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate (EL) from sucrose was investigated under co-solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF)/ethanol over stable/active heterogeneous acid catalyst. Several Lewis acid-metal oxides were doped onto Brønsted acid-sulfonated carbon (SC) and the results found that Zn-SC exhibited highest activity for production of EL from sucrose conversion of 100% with a selectivity of 72.1%. The catalytic mechanism for conversion of sucrose into EL and other products was investigated through significant effects such as catalyst type, co-solvent and ultrasonic application. The catalyst reusability test exhibited high stability for five cycles and then dramatically decreased without any regeneration process.

在四氢呋喃（THF）/乙醇共溶剂/稳定/活性多相酸催化剂上，研究了由蔗糖直接合成乙酰丙酸乙酯（EL）的方法。几种路易斯酸金属氧化物被掺杂到布朗斯台德酸磺化碳（SC）上，结果发现Zn-SC对蔗糖转化率100％的EL生产EL的活性最高，选择性为72.1％。通过诸如催化剂类型，助溶剂和超声应用等显着作用，研究了将蔗糖转化为EL和其他产物的催化机理。催化剂可重复使用性测试显示了五个循环的高稳定性，然后在没有任何再生过程的情况下急剧降低。