Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic bone-forming condition characterized by the presence of at least three bony bridges at the anterolateral spine. The aim of this review was to address the present state of pathophysiological knowledge, the clinical relevance, and diagnosis of DISH. The pathogenesis of DISH is currently unknown. The presence of DISH has been associated with older age, male sex, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. Because the new bone forms mainly at entheseal sites, local fibroblasts, chondrocytes, collagen fibers, and calcified matrix are probably influenced by genetic, vascular, metabolic, and mechanical factors. Diagnosing the presence of DISH is of clinical importance, because the risk of a spinal fracture increases and associations with the metabolic syndrome, coronary and aortic disease, and respiratory effects are strong. Unravelling the pathogenesis of DISH can impact the field of regenerative medicine and bone tissue regeneration.

弥漫性特发性骨骼肥大症（DISH）是一种全身性骨形成疾病，其特征是在前外侧脊柱处存在至少三个骨桥。这篇综述的目的是探讨DISH的病理生理学知识的现状，临床相关性和诊断。目前尚不清楚DISH的发病机理。DISH的存在与老年人，男性，肥胖，高血压，动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病有关。由于新骨主要形成在肠膜部位，因此局部成纤维细胞，软骨细胞，胶原纤维和钙化基质可能受遗传，血管，代谢和机械因素的影响。诊断DISH的存在具有临床重要性，因为脊柱骨折的风险增加且与代谢综合征相关，冠状动脉和主动脉疾病，呼吸作用强。阐明DISH的发病机理可能会影响再生医学和骨组织再生领域。