Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a challenging problem. While geographic routing protocols are preferred for VANETs due to their scalability, they are focused on finding next-hop nodes closer to the destination without considering their current load or network traffic. In addition, routing decisions based on only one-hop neighbors information might be less optimal since they do not consider the availability of further suitable nodes for forwarding. Thus, such selected next-hop nodes may become overloaded with too much traffic that exceeds their available bandwidth, and may even result in significant packet losses if no other node suitable for forwarding can be found. In this paper, we propose a novel geographic routing protocol named Geo-LU. The proposed protocol improves the routing performance by extending the local view of the network topology at the current forwarder to include two-hop neighbor information. Moreover, it utilizes our proposed link utility (LU) measure. LU considers the utility of a two-hop neighbor link by considering the minimum residual bandwidth on that link and its packet loss rate. By incorporating two-hop neighbor information and our proposed LU measure, the proposed protocol, Geo-LU, can react appropriately to the increased network traffic and to the frequent topology dis-connectivity in VANETs as confirmed by our simulation results.

车载自组织网络（VANET）中的路由是一个具有挑战性的问题。尽管地理路由协议因其可伸缩性而首选用于VANET，但它们专注于查找更靠近目的地的下一跳节点，而不考虑其当前负载或网络流量。另外，仅基于单跳邻居信息的路由决策可能不那么理想，因为它们没有考虑其他合适的节点进行转发的可用性。因此，这种选定的下一跳节点可能会因过多的流量超过其可用带宽而变得超负荷，并且如果找不到适合转发的其他节点，甚至可能导致大量的数据包丢失。在本文中，我们提出了一种名为Geo-LU的新型地理路由协议。所提出的协议通过在当前转发器上扩展网络拓扑的本地视图以包括两跳邻居信息来提高路由性能。此外，它利用了我们建议的链接实用程序（LU）措施。LU通过考虑该链路上的最小剩余带宽及其丢包率来考虑两跳邻居链路的实用性。通过结合两跳邻居信息和我们提出的LU度量，我们的仿真结果证实，提议的协议Geo-LU可以对增加的网络流量和VANET中频繁出现的拓扑断开性做出适当的反应。